antlr4起飞

把那些隐隐约约的东西说清楚写下来，还是挺不容易的。

1. idea安装插件
   
   安装完毕之后重启idea
2. 新建maven工程，名字随便起，pom如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>antlr4</groupId>
    <artifactId>antlr4</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.antlr</groupId>
            <artifactId>antlr4-runtime</artifactId>
            <version>4.7.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.antlr</groupId>
                <artifactId>antlr4-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>4.7</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>antlr</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>antlr4</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <phase>none</phase>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
                <configuration>
                    <outputDirectory>src/test/java</outputDirectory>
                    <listener>true</listener>
                    <treatWarningsAsErrors>true</treatWarningsAsErrors>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.5.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

3. 建立.g4文件，写语法

grammar Expr;

prog : stat+;

stat: expr NEWLINE          # printExpr
    | ID '=' expr NEWLINE   # assign
    | NEWLINE               # blank
    ;

expr: expr op=('*'|'/') expr        # MulDiv
    | expr op=('+'|'-') expr        # AddSub
    | INT                           # int
    | ID                            # id
    | '(' expr ')'                  # parens
    ;

MUL : '*' ; // assigns token name to '*' used above in grammar
DIV : '/' ;
ADD : '+' ;
SUB : '-' ;
ID : [a-zA-Z]+ ;
INT : [0-9]+ ;
NEWLINE:'\r'? '\n' ;
WS : [ \t]+ -> skip;

4. 配置generate，生成文件
   
   在文件上右键，先完成第一步，配置如下，然后完成第二步，生成解析程序的文件。
   上图箭头所指，是生成使用访问者模式解析类，后续再解释。
5. 实现自己的Visitor，在访问到指定节点时做相应的动作，比如，赋值的时候保存值，取值的时候返回值

public class EvalVisitor extends ExprBaseVisitor<Integer> {
    private Map<String,Integer> memory = new HashMap<>();

    @Override
    public Integer visitPrintExpr(ExprParser.PrintExprContext ctx) {
        Integer value = visit(ctx.expr());
        System.out.println(value);
        return value;
    }

    @Override
    public Integer visitAssign(ExprParser.AssignContext ctx) {
        String id = ctx.ID().getText();
        Integer value = visit(ctx.expr());
        this.memory.put(id, value);
        return value;
    }

    @Override
    public Integer visitInt(ExprParser.IntContext ctx) {
        return Integer.valueOf(ctx.INT().getText());
    }

    @Override
    public Integer visitMulDiv(ExprParser.MulDivContext ctx) {
        Integer left = visit(ctx.expr(0));
        Integer right = visit(ctx.expr(1));

        if (ctx.op.getType() == ExprParser.MUL){
            return left * right;
        }else{
            return left / right;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Integer visitParens(ExprParser.ParensContext ctx) {
        Integer value = visit(ctx.expr());
        return value;
    }

    @Override
    public Integer visitAddSub(ExprParser.AddSubContext ctx) {
        int left = visit(ctx.expr(0));
        int right = visit(ctx.expr(1));
        if(ctx.op.getType() == ExprParser.ADD){
            return left + right;
        }else{
            return left - right;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Integer visitId(ExprParser.IdContext ctx) {
        return this.memory.get(ctx.ID().getText());
    }
}

6. 测试

public class ExprTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CodePointCharStream inputStream = CharStreams.fromString("a=10\nb=10\n10*(1+b)\n");
        ExprLexer lexer = new ExprLexer(inputStream);
        CommonTokenStream tokenStream = new CommonTokenStream(lexer);
        ExprParser parser = new ExprParser(tokenStream);
        ParseTree parseTree = parser.prog();
        EvalVisitor visitor = new EvalVisitor();
        visitor.visit(parseTree);
    }
}

未完待续