Redis _ Redis lesson10 的 redis.conf 中的主要配置

几篇不错的文章 

1.基于3.0的中文配置翻译

http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujinyi/p/5565647.html

          目录

1. redis.conf 文件在哪

2.Units单位  (配置中的计算单位)

3.INCLUDES包含 (如何包含一个通用的配置)

4.GENERAL通用 (通用模块的一些配置)

5.SNAPSHOTING快照

6.REPLICATION复制

7.SECURITY安全 

8.LIMITS限制

9.APPEND ONLY MODE追加

10.常见配置 redis.conf 介绍

下面对详细的各个知识点做一个介绍

本文针对的Redis的版本为 redis-4.0.1

1. redis.conf 文件在哪

文件位于安装的redis的目录下，与执行make && make install 目录同级，见下图

注意：

如果要修改redis.conf 文件，最好对原来的文件做一个备份，如上图的 redis_back.conf

2.Units单位

对于配置中以内存为单位的一些配置，计算方式

# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify
# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
#
# 1k => 1000 bytes
# 1kb => 1024 bytes
# 1m => 1000000 bytes
# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
# 1g => 1000000000 bytes
# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
#
# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.

3.INCLUDES

################################## INCLUDES ###################################


# Include one or more other config files here.  This is useful if you
# have a standard template that goes to all Redis servers but also need
# to customize a few per-server settings.  Include files can include
# other files, so use this wisely.
#
# Notice option "include" won't be rewritten by command "CONFIG REWRITE"
# from admin or Redis Sentinel. Since Redis always uses the last processed
# line as value of a configuration directive, you'd better put includes
# at the beginning of this file to avoid overwriting config change at runtime.
#
# If instead you are interested in using includes to override configuration
# options, it is better to use include as the last line.
#
# include /path/to/local.conf
# include /path/to/other.conf

若希望 该配置文件后面的配置 与 模板配置 的冲突的时候， 该文件的自定义配置能生效，应该将 include 放在最前面

4.GENERAL通用

主要讲解下面的几个配置，对于老版本，下面的这些配置都位于GENERAL模块，在redis-4.0.1 下面的配置分布在不同的模块，我会按照4.0.1 进行一个归类

-  network -

port      

tcp-backlog   

timeout    

bind    

tcp-keepalive    

-  general

daemonize

pidfile

loglevel

logfile

syslog-enabled

syslog-ident

syslog-facility

databases

第一部分

==== NETWORK ====

bind

设置绑定的ip，默认为127.0.0.1 也就是本机，个人认为没必要修改

port

redis-server 对外提供服务的端口 ，默认端口为 6379

tcp-backlog

设置tcp的backlog，backlog其实是一个连接队列，backlog队列总和=未完成三次握手队列 + 已经完成三次握手队列。

在高并发环境下你需要一个高backlog值来避免慢客户端连接问题。

注意Linux内核会将这个值减小到/proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn的值，

所以需要确认增大somaxconn和tcp_max_syn_backlog两个值 来达到想要的效果。

timeout

如果连接闲置，多长时间后关闭连接，默认为0.  

0 to disable) 也就是说0表示即使连接空闲，也不关闭

tcp-keepalive

1.单位为秒

2.用于设置 检测测试连接是否存活的ack 报文 发送的时间间隔

3.如果设置为0，则不会进行Keepalive检测，建议设置成60 

#tcp keepalive参数。如果设置不为0，就使用配置tcp的SO_KEEPALIVE值，

使用keepalive有两个好处:

1）检测挂掉的对端。

2）降低中间设备出问题而导致网络看似连接却已经与对端端口的问题。

在Linux内核中，设置了keepalive，redis会定时给对端发送ack。检测到对端关闭需要两倍的设置值。

原版的官方配置

# By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens
# for connections from all the network interfaces available on the server.
# It is possible to listen to just one or multiple selected interfaces using
# the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.
#
# Examples:
#
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
# bind 127.0.0.1 ::1
#
# ~~~ WARNING ~~~ If the computer running Redis is directly exposed to the
# internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the
# instance to everybody on the internet. So by default we uncomment the
# following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only into
# the IPv4 lookback interface address (this means Redis will be able to
# accept connections only from clients running into the same computer it
# is running).
#
# IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT YOUR INSTANCE TO LISTEN TO ALL THE INTERFACES
# JUST COMMENT THE FOLLOWING LINE.
# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
bind 127.0.0.1


# Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that
# Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited.
#
# When protected mode is on and if:
#
# 1) The server is not binding explicitly to a set of addresses using the
#    "bind" directive.
# 2) No password is configured.
#
# The server only accepts connections from clients connecting from the
# IPv4 and IPv6 loopback addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1, and from Unix domain
# sockets.
#
# By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if
# you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis
# even if no authentication is configured, nor a specific set of interfaces
# are explicitly listed using the "bind" directive.
protected-mode yes


# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379 (IANA #815344).
# If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.
port 6379


# TCP listen() backlog.
#
# In high requests-per-second environments you need an high backlog in order
# to avoid slow clients connections issues. Note that the Linux kernel
# will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so
# make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog
# in order to get the desired effect.
tcp-backlog 511


# Unix socket.
#
# Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for
# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
# on a unix socket when not specified.
#
# unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
# unixsocketperm 700


# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
timeout 0


# TCP keepalive.
#
# If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence
# of communication. This is useful for two reasons:
#
# 1) Detect dead peers.
# 2) Take the connection alive from the point of view of network
#    equipment in the middle.
#
# On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.
# Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.
# On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.
#
# A reasonable value for this option is 300 seconds, which is the new
# Redis default starting with Redis 3.2.1.
tcp-keepalive 300

第二部分

======= GENERAL =====

daemonize

设置进程是否后台运行。

pidfile

pidfile, 如果前台启动如果不特殊指定不会生成 pidfile.

后台启动总是会生成pidffile 

loglevel

总共有4种日志级别

按日志的级别从低到高

DEBUG 开发测试级别的推荐配置

VERBOSE

NOTICE 生产环境的推荐配置

WARNING 

----------------

# This can be one of:

# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)

# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)

# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)

# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)

logfile

指定logfile的目录地址，文件名等，默认为 “” （空），日志会被输出到 /dev/null 中

syslog-enabled

是否把日志输出到syslog中,需要配置其他两个syslog 配置来配合设置。

syslog-ident

指定syslog里的日志标志。

syslog-facility

指定syslog设备，值可以是USER或LOCAL0-LOCAL7。

databases

设置数据库的数量，可以用select 进行数据库的切换。

原版官方文档

################################# GENERAL #####################################


# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
daemonize no


# If you run Redis from upstart or systemd, Redis can interact with your
# supervision tree. Options:
#   supervised no      - no supervision interaction
#   supervised upstart - signal upstart by putting Redis into SIGSTOP mode
#   supervised systemd - signal systemd by writing READY=1 to $NOTIFY_SOCKET
#   supervised auto    - detect upstart or systemd method based on
#                        UPSTART_JOB or NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variables
# Note: these supervision methods only signal "process is ready."
#       They do not enable continuous liveness pings back to your supervisor.
supervised no


# If a pid file is specified, Redis writes it where specified at startup
# and removes it at exit.
#
# When the server runs non daemonized, no pid file is created if none is
# specified in the configuration. When the server is daemonized, the pid file
# is used even if not specified, defaulting to "/var/run/redis.pid".
#
# Creating a pid file is best effort: if Redis is not able to create it
# nothing bad happens, the server will start and run normally.
pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid


# Specify the server verbosity level.
# This can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel notice


# Specify the log file name. Also the empty string can be used to force
# Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
logfile ""


# To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,
# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
# syslog-enabled no


# Specify the syslog identity.
# syslog-ident redis




# Specify the server verbosity level.
# This can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
loglevel notice


# Specify the log file name. Also the empty string can be used to force
# Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
logfile ""


# To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,
# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
# syslog-enabled no


# Specify the syslog identity.
# syslog-ident redis


# Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.
# syslog-facility local0


# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
databases 16


# By default Redis shows an ASCII art logo only when started to log to the
# standard output and if the standard output is a TTY. Basically this means
# that normally a logo is displayed only in interactive sessions.
#
# However it is possible to force the pre-4.0 behavior and always show a
# ASCII art logo in startup logs by setting the following option to yes.
always-show-logo yes

5.SNAPSHOTING快照

6.REPLICATION复制

7.SECURITY安全

requirepass password  

设置密码，每次执行命令的时候都需要输入密码

用以下这种方式  AUTH <PASSWORD>

官方配置

################################## SECURITY ###################################


# Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
# commands.  This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
# others with access to the host running redis-server.
#
# This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
#
# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to
# 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should
# use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.
#
# requirepass foobared


# Command renaming.
#
# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
# hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools
# but not available for general clients.
#
# Example:
#
# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
#
# It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into
# an empty string:
#
# rename-command CONFIG ""
#
# Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the
# AOF file or transmitted to slaves may cause problems.

8.LIMITS限制

-clients

maxclients

-memory management

maxmemory

maxmemory-policy

maxmemory-samples

第一部分 

=======CLIENTS ========

maxclients

设置redis同时可以与多少个客户端进行连接。默认情况下为10000个客户端。

当你无法设置进程文件句柄限制时，redis会设置为当前的文件句柄限制值减去32，因为redis会为自身内部处理逻辑留一些句柄出来。

如果达到了此限制，redis则会拒绝新的连接请求，并且向这些连接请求方发出“max number of clients reached”以作回应。

################################### CLIENTS ####################################


# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default
# this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not
# able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit
# the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit
# minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).
#
# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
# an error 'max number of clients reached'.
#
# maxclients 10000





第二部分
======  MEMORY MANAGEMENT  ======

maxmemory

maxmemory-policy

maxmemory-samples

maxmemory

设置redis可以使用的内存量。一旦到达内存使用上限，redis将会试图移除内部数据，移除规则可以通过maxmemory-policy来指定。

如果redis无法根据移除规则来移除内存中的数据，或者设置了“不允许移除”，

那么redis则会针对那些需要申请内存的指令返回错误信息，比如SET、LPUSH等。

但是对于无内存申请的指令，仍然会正常响应，比如GET等。

如果你的redis是主redis（说明你的redis有从redis），那么在设置内存使用上限时，

需要在系统中留出一些内存空间给同步队列缓存，只有在你设置的是“不除”的情况下，才不用考虑这个因素

maxmemory-policy

# volatile-lru -> Evict using approximated LRU among the keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lru -> Evict any key using approximated LRU.
# volatile-lfu -> Evict using approximated LFU among the keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lfu -> Evict any key using approximated LFU.
# volatile-random -> Remove a random key among the ones with an expire set.
# allkeys-random -> Remove a random key, any key.
# volatile-ttl -> Remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> Don't evict anything, just return an error on write operations.

maxmemory-samples

设置样本数量，LRU算法和最小TTL算法都并非是精确的算法，而是估算值，

所以你可以设置样本的大小，redis默认会检查这么多个key并选择其中LRU的那个。

############################## MEMORY MANAGEMENT ################################


# Set a memory usage limit to the specified amount of bytes.
# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys
# according to the eviction policy selected (see maxmemory-policy).
#
# If Redis can't remove keys according to the policy, or if the policy is
# set to 'noeviction', Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
# that would use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
# to reply to read-only commands like GET.
#
# This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU or LFU cache, or to
# set a hard memory limit for an instance (using the 'noeviction' policy).
#
# WARNING: If you have slaves attached to an instance with maxmemory on,
# the size of the output buffers needed to feed the slaves are subtracted
# from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will
# not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output
# buffer of slaves is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion
# of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied.
#
# In short... if you have slaves attached it is suggested that you set a lower
# limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for slave
# output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is 'noeviction').
#
# maxmemory <bytes>


# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
# is reached. You can select among five behaviors:
#
# volatile-lru -> Evict using approximated LRU among the keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lru -> Evict any key using approximated LRU.
# volatile-lfu -> Evict using approximated LFU among the keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lfu -> Evict any key using approximated LFU.
# volatile-random -> Remove a random key among the ones with an expire set.
# allkeys-random -> Remove a random key, any key.
# volatile-ttl -> Remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> Don't evict anything, just return an error on write operations.
#
# LRU means Least Recently Used
# LFU means Least Frequently Used
#
# Both LRU, LFU and volatile-ttl are implemented using approximated
# randomized algorithms.
#
# Note: with any of the above policies, Redis will return an error on write
#       operations, when there are no suitable keys for eviction.
#
#       At the date of writing these commands are: set setnx setex append
#       incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd
#       sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby
#       zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby
#       getset mset msetnx exec sort
#
# The default is:
#
# maxmemory-policy noeviction


# LRU, LFU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or
# accuracy. For default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was
# used less recently, you can change the sample size using the following
# configuration directive.
#
# The default of 5 produces good enough results. 10 Approximates very closely
# true LRU but costs more CPU. 3 is faster but not very accurate.
#
# maxmemory-samples 5

9.APPEND ONLY MODE追加

10.常见配置 redis.conf 介绍

参数说明
redis.conf 配置项说明如下：
1. Redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行，可以通过该配置项修改，使用yes启用守护进程
  daemonize no

2. 当Redis以守护进程方式运行时，Redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件，可以通过pidfile指定
  pidfile /var/run/redis.pid

3. 指定Redis监听端口，默认端口为6379，作者在自己的一篇博文中解释了为什么选用6379作为默认端口，因为6379在手机按键上MERZ对应的号码，而MERZ取自意大利歌女Alessia Merz的名字
  port 6379

4. 绑定的主机地址
  bind 127.0.0.1

5.当 客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接，如果指定为0，表示关闭该功能
  timeout 300

6. 指定日志记录级别，Redis总共支持四个级别：debug、verbose、notice、warning，默认为verbose
  loglevel verbose

7. 日志记录方式，默认为标准输出，如果配置Redis为守护进程方式运行，而这里又配置为日志记录方式为标准输出，则日志将会发送给/dev/null
  logfile stdout

8. 设置数据库的数量，默认数据库为0，可以使用SELECT <dbid>命令在连接上指定数据库id
  databases 16

9. 指定在多长时间内，有多少次更新操作，就将数据同步到数据文件，可以多个条件配合
  save <seconds> <changes>
  Redis默认配置文件中提供了三个条件：
  save 900 1
  save 300 10
  save 60 10000
  分别表示900秒（15分钟）内有1个更改，300秒（5分钟）内有10个更改以及60秒内有10000个更改。
 
10. 指定存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据，默认为yes，Redis采用LZF压缩，如果为了节省CPU时间，可以关闭该选项，但会导致数据库文件变的巨大
  rdbcompression yes

11. 指定本地数据库文件名，默认值为dump.rdb
  dbfilename dump.rdb

12. 指定本地数据库存放目录
  dir ./

13. 设置当本机为slav服务时，设置master服务的IP地址及端口，在Redis启动时，它会自动从master进行数据同步
  slaveof <masterip> <masterport>

14. 当master服务设置了密码保护时，slav服务连接master的密码
  masterauth <master-password>

15. 设置Redis连接密码，如果配置了连接密码，客户端在连接Redis时需要通过AUTH <password>命令提供密码，默认关闭
  requirepass foobared

16. 设置同一时间最大客户端连接数，默认无限制，Redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为Redis进程可以打开的最大文件描述符数，如果设置 maxclients 0，表示不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时，Redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max number of clients reached错误信息
  maxclients 128

17. 指定Redis最大内存限制，Redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中，达到最大内存后，Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key，当此方法处理 后，仍然到达最大内存设置，将无法再进行写入操作，但仍然可以进行读取操作。Redis新的vm机制，会把Key存放内存，Value会存放在swap区
  maxmemory <bytes>

18. 指定是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录，Redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写入磁盘，如果不开启，可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。因为 redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no
  appendonly no

19. 指定更新日志文件名，默认为appendonly.aof
   appendfilename appendonly.aof

20. 指定更新日志条件，共有3个可选值： 
  no：表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘（快） 
  always：表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘（慢，安全） 
  everysec：表示每秒同步一次（折衷，默认值）
  appendfsync everysec
 
21. 指定是否启用虚拟内存机制，默认值为no，简单的介绍一下，VM机制将数据分页存放，由Redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上，访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中（在后面的文章我会仔细分析Redis的VM机制）
   vm-enabled no

22. 虚拟内存文件路径，默认值为/tmp/redis.swap，不可多个Redis实例共享
   vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap

23. 将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存,无论vm-max-memory设置多小,所有索引数据都是内存存储的(Redis的索引数据 就是keys),也就是说,当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候,其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0
   vm-max-memory 0

24. Redis swap文件分成了很多的page，一个对象可以保存在多个page上面，但一个page上不能被多个对象共享，vm-page-size是要根据存储的 数据大小来设定的，作者建议如果存储很多小对象，page大小最好设置为32或者64bytes；如果存储很大大对象，则可以使用更大的page，如果不 确定，就使用默认值
   vm-page-size 32

25. 设置swap文件中的page数量，由于页表（一种表示页面空闲或使用的bitmap）是在放在内存中的，，在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存。
   vm-pages 134217728

26. 设置访问swap文件的线程数,最好不要超过机器的核数,如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的，可能会造成比较长时间的延迟。默认值为4
   vm-max-threads 4

27. 设置在向客户端应答时，是否把较小的包合并为一个包发送，默认为开启
  glueoutputbuf yes

28. 指定在超过一定的数量或者最大的元素超过某一临界值时，采用一种特殊的哈希算法
  hash-max-zipmap-entries 64
  hash-max-zipmap-value 512

29. 指定是否激活重置哈希，默认为开启（后面在介绍Redis的哈希算法时具体介绍）
  activerehashing yes

30. 指定包含其它的配置文件，可以在同一主机上多个Redis实例之间使用同一份配置文件，而同时各个实例又拥有自己的特定配置文件
  include /path/to/local.conf