Struts2拦截器浅析(三)

自定义拦截器

方式一：实现Interceptor接口
- void init()：初始化拦截器所需资源
- void destory()：释放在init()中分配的资源
- String intercept(ActionInvocation ai) throws Exception

- 实现拦截器功能
- 利用ActionInvocation参数获取Action状态
- 返回result字符串作为逻辑视图

方式二：继承AbstractInterceptor类
- 提供了init()和destory()方法的空实现
- 只需要实现intercept方法即可

Struts2内建拦截器

• params拦截器：负责将请求参数设置为Action属性
• staticParams拦截器：将配置文件中action元素的子元素param参数设置为Action属性
• servletConfig拦截器：将源于Servlet API的各种对象注入到action，必须实现对应接口
• fileUpload拦截器：对文件上传提供支持，将文件和元数据设置到对应的Action属性(内部使用了Common-FileUpload组件)
• exception拦截器：捕获异常，并且将异常映射到用户自定义的错误页面
• validation拦截器：调用验证框架进行数据验证

struts2内建拦截器在struts-default.xml中有定义：

<interceptors>
    <interceptor name="alias" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="autowiring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="conversionError" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.StrutsConversionErrorInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="cookie" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CookieInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="cookieProvider" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CookieProviderInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="clearSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ClearSessionInterceptor" />
    <interceptor name="createSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CreateSessionInterceptor" />
    <interceptor name="debugging" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor" />
    <interceptor name="execAndWait" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ExecuteAndWaitInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="exception" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="fileUpload" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="i18n" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="logger" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="modelDriven" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="scopedModelDriven" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="params" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="actionMappingParams" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ActionMappingParametersInteceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="prepare" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="staticParams" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="scope" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ScopeInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="servletConfig" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="timer" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="token" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="tokenSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="validation" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="workflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor"/>
    <interceptor name="store" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor" />
    <interceptor name="checkbox" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor" />
    <interceptor name="datetime" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.DateTextFieldInterceptor" />
    <interceptor name="profiling" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptor" />
    <interceptor name="roles" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RolesInterceptor" />
    <interceptor name="annotationWorkflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.annotations.AnnotationWorkflowInterceptor" />
    <interceptor name="multiselect" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor" />
    <interceptor name="deprecation" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.DeprecationInterceptor" />
</interceptors>

默认拦截器栈

• 在struts-default.xml中定义一个defaultStack拦截器栈，并将其指定为默认拦截器。
• 只要在定义的过程中继承struts-default包，那么defaultStack将是默认的拦截器
• 当为包中的某个action显示指定了某个拦截器，则默认拦截器不会起作用。
• 拦截器中的各个拦截器的顺序很重要。