PathDexClassLoader 和 DexClassLoader 区别

PathDexClassLoader 和 DexClassLoader 区别

PathClassLoader：

Provides a simple ClassLoader implementation that operates on a list of files and directories in the local file system, but does not attempt to load classes from the network. Android uses this class for its system class loader and for its application class loader(s).

提供一个简单的ClassLoader实现，加载本地的dex列表，但不尝试从网络加载类。 Android使用此类作为其系统类加载器及其应用程序类加载器。

DexClassLoader：

A class loader that loads classes from .jar and .apk files containing a classes.dex entry. This can be used to execute code not installed as part of an application.

一个类加载器可以从包含classes.dex条目的.jar和.apk文件中加载类。这可以用于执行未作为应用程序一部分安装的代码。

 

以上是官方文档的描述

 

public class PathClassLoader extends BaseDexClassLoader {

    public PathClassLoader(String dexPath, ClassLoader parent) {
        super(dexPath, null, null, parent);
    }


    public PathClassLoader(String dexPath, String librarySearchPath, ClassLoader parent) {
        super(dexPath, null, librarySearchPath, parent);
    }
}

public class DexClassLoader extends BaseDexClassLoader {
    public DexClassLoader(String dexPath, String optimizedDirectory,
            String librarySearchPath, ClassLoader parent) {
        super(dexPath, new File(optimizedDirectory), librarySearchPath, parent);
    }
}

这是 PathClassLoader 和 DexClassLoader 的类，都是直接调用父类 BaseDexClassLoader的构造

有什么不同，PathClassLoader都是在第二个参数也就是optimizedDirectory 上直接传入了null。

    /**
     * Constructs an instance.
     *
     * @param dexPath the list of jar/apk files containing classes and
     * resources,   by {@code File.pathSeparator}, which
     * defaults to {@code ":"} on Android
     * @param optimizedDirectory directory where optimized dex files
     * should be written; may be {@code null}
     * @param librarySearchPath the list of directories containing native
     * libraries, delimited by {@code File.pathSeparator}; may be
     * {@code null}
     * @param parent the parent class loader
     */
    public BaseDexClassLoader(String dexPath, File optimizedDirectory,
            String librarySearchPath, ClassLoader parent) {
        super(parent);
        this.pathList = new DexPathList(this, dexPath, librarySearchPath, optimizedDirectory);
    }

 dexPath:包含字节码文件或者资源的jar,活着是apk文件，默认以:分割。

optimizadDirectory:优化后的dex目录.

librarySearchPath:本地so文件搜索列表.

parent:类加载器.

    public DexPathList(ClassLoader definingContext, String dexPath,
            String librarySearchPath, File optimizedDirectory) {

        if (definingContext == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("definingContext == null");
        }

        if (dexPath == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("dexPath == null");
        }

        if (optimizedDirectory != null) {
            if (!optimizedDirectory.exists())  {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        "optimizedDirectory doesn't exist: "
                        + optimizedDirectory);
            }

            if (!(optimizedDirectory.canRead()
                            && optimizedDirectory.canWrite())) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        "optimizedDirectory not readable/writable: "
                        + optimizedDirectory);
            }
        }

        this.definingContext = definingContext;

        ArrayList<IOException> suppressedExceptions = new ArrayList<IOException>();
        // save dexPath for BaseDexClassLoader
        this.dexElements = makeDexElements(splitDexPath(dexPath), optimizedDirectory,
                                           suppressedExceptions, definingContext);
        this.nativeLibraryDirectories = splitPaths(librarySearchPath, false);
        this.systemNativeLibraryDirectories =
                splitPaths(System.getProperty("java.library.path"), true);
        List<File> allNativeLibraryDirectories = new ArrayList<>(nativeLibraryDirectories);
        allNativeLibraryDirectories.addAll(systemNativeLibraryDirectories);

        this.nativeLibraryPathElements = makePathElements(allNativeLibraryDirectories,
                                                          suppressedExceptions,
                                                          definingContext);

        if (suppressedExceptions.size() > 0) {
            this.dexElementsSuppressedExceptions =
                suppressedExceptions.toArray(new IOException[suppressedExceptions.size()]);
        } else {
            dexElementsSuppressedExceptions = null;
        }
    }

这是DexPathList的构造，可以看出使用optimizadDirectory这个参数的方法是生成dexElements列表时调用了makeDexElements方法

  /**
     * Makes an array of dex/resource path elements, one per element of
     * the given array.
     */
    private static Element[] makeDexElements(List<File> files, File optimizedDirectory,
                                             List<IOException> suppressedExceptions,
                                             ClassLoader loader) {
        return makeElements(files, optimizedDirectory, suppressedExceptions, false, loader);
    }
    
       private static Element[] makeElements(List<File> files, File optimizedDirectory,
                                          List<IOException> suppressedExceptions,
                                          boolean ignoreDexFiles,
                                          ClassLoader loader) {
        Element[] elements = new Element[files.size()];
        int elementsPos = 0;

        for (File file : files) {
            File zip = null;
            File dir = new File("");
            DexFile dex = null;
            String path = file.getPath();
            String name = file.getName();

            if (path.contains(zipSeparator)) {
                String split[] = path.split(zipSeparator, 2);
                zip = new File(split[0]);
                dir = new File(split[1]);
            } else if (file.isDirectory()) {
                           elements[elementsPos++] = new Element(file, true, null, null);
            } else if (file.isFile()) {
                if (!ignoreDexFiles && name.endsWith(DEX_SUFFIX)) {
                    // Raw dex file (not inside a zip/jar).
                    try {
                        //加载dex文件
                        dex = loadDexFile(file, optimizedDirectory, loader, elements);
                    } catch (IOException suppressed) {
                        System.logE("Unable to load dex file: " + file, suppressed);
                        suppressedExceptions.add(suppressed);
                    }
                } else {
                    zip = file;

                    if (!ignoreDexFiles) {
                        try {
                            dex = loadDexFile(file, optimizedDirectory, loader, elements);
                        } catch (IOException suppressed) {
                       
                            suppressedExceptions.add(suppressed);
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                System.logW("ClassLoader referenced unknown path: " + file);
            }

            if ((zip != null) || (dex != null)) {
                elements[elementsPos++] = new Element(dir, false, zip, dex);
            }
        }
        if (elementsPos != elements.length) {
            elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, elementsPos);
        }
        return elements;
    }
    
    private static DexFile loadDexFile(File file, File optimizedDirectory, ClassLoader loader,Element[] elements)throws IOException {
        if (optimizedDirectory == null) {
            return new DexFile(file, loader, elements);
        } else {
            String optimizedPath = optimizedPathFor(file, optimizedDirectory);
            return DexFile.loadDex(file.getPath(), optimizedPath, 0, loader, elements);
        }
    }
    

    private static String optimizedPathFor(File path,
            File optimizedDirectory) {

        String fileName = path.getName();
        if (!fileName.endsWith(DEX_SUFFIX)) {
            int lastDot = fileName.lastIndexOf(".");
            if (lastDot < 0) {
                fileName += DEX_SUFFIX;
            } else {
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(lastDot + 4);
                sb.append(fileName, 0, lastDot);
                sb.append(DEX_SUFFIX);
                fileName = sb.toString();
            }
        }

        File result = new File(optimizedDirectory, fileName);
        return result.getPath();
    }


    

 直接从上面方法一个一个像下看，optimizedDirectory这个目录其实就是在原有的dex名称下面，将优化的目录结构路径添加进去DexFile中，然后通过DexFile去打开这个文件，接着看DexFile

    DexFile(File file, ClassLoader loader, DexPathList.Element[] elements)
            throws IOException {
        this(file.getPath(), loader, elements);
    }
    
    DexFile(String fileName, ClassLoader loader, DexPathList.Element[] elements) throws IOException {
        mCookie = openDexFile(fileName, null, 0, loader, elements);
        mInternalCookie = mCookie;
        mFileName = fileName;

    }
    
    static public DexFile loadDex(String sourcePathName, String outputPathName,
        int flags) throws IOException {

        return loadDex(sourcePathName, outputPathName, flags, null, null);
    }
    
    static DexFile loadDex(String sourcePathName, String outputPathName,
        int flags, ClassLoader loader, DexPathList.Element[] elements) throws IOException {

        return new DexFile(sourcePathName, outputPathName, flags, loader, elements);
    }
    
    private DexFile(String sourceName, String outputName, int flags, ClassLoader loader, DexPathList.Element[] elements) throws IOException {
        if (outputName != null) {
            try {
                String parent = new File(outputName).getParent();
                if (Libcore.os.getuid() != Libcore.os.stat(parent).st_uid) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Optimized data directory " + parent
                            + " is not owned by the current user. Shared storage cannot protect"
                            + " your application from code injection attacks.");
                }
            } catch (ErrnoException ignored) {
                // assume we'll fail with a more contextual error later
            }
        }

        mCookie = openDexFile(sourceName, outputName, flags, loader, elements);
        mFileName = sourceName;
        //System.out.println("DEX FILE cookie is " + mCookie + " sourceName=" + sourceName + " outputName=" + outputName);
    }
    

    private static Object openDexFile(String sourceName, String outputName, int flags, ClassLoader loader, DexPathList.Element[] elements) throws IOException {
   
        return openDexFileNative(new File(sourceName).getAbsolutePath(),
                                 (outputName == null)
                                     ? null
                                     : new File(outputName).getAbsolutePath(),
                                 flags,
                                 loader,
                                 elements);
    }

这就清晰明了了，optimizedDirectory 这个路径是用来打开底层的文件返回一个缓存吧，那这个东西在哪里用到了，看一下代码

    public Class loadClassBinaryName(String name, ClassLoader loader, List<Throwable> suppressed) {
        return defineClass(name, loader, mCookie, this, suppressed);
    }

    private static Class defineClass(String name, ClassLoader loader, Object cookie,DexFile dexFile, List<Throwable> suppressed) {
        Class result = null;
        try {
            result = defineClassNative(name, loader, cookie, dexFile);
        } catch (NoClassDefFoundError e) {
            if (suppressed != null) {
                suppressed.add(e);
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            if (suppressed != null) {
                suppressed.add(e);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

defineClass类，返回类的字节码，调用加载 loadClassBinayName方法 是在 DexPathList类中

    public Class findClass(String name, List<Throwable> suppressed) {
        for (Element element : dexElements) {
            DexFile dex = element.dexFile;

            if (dex != null) {
                Class clazz = dex.loadClassBinaryName(name, definingContext, suppressed);
                if (clazz != null) {
                    return clazz;
                }
            }
        }
        if (dexElementsSuppressedExceptions != null) {
            suppressed.addAll(Arrays.asList(dexElementsSuppressedExceptions));
        }
        return null;
    }

这个方法很熟悉了，调用这个方法的是在 BaseDexClassLoader的findClass方法，这就不说了，类加载机制里面有提到过，在ClassLoader调用loadClass方法时，如果父类都加载不到的话会通过子类去find最后通过defineClass 去将这个Class构造出来。