- 2. Description
- 3. Options
- 4. See Also
- 5. Authors
1. Synopsis
ffserver [options]
2. Description 描述
ffserver is a streaming server for both audio and video. It supports several live feeds, streaming from files and time shifting on live feeds (you can seek to positions in the past on each live feed, provided you specify a big enough feed storage in ‘ffserver.conf’).
FFserver是一个音视频的流媒体服务器。支持许多live feeds，可以流化 文件和live feeds的时移（对于每个live feed，可以seek到某个位置，ffserver.conf中可以指定一个足够大的feed存储空间）
ffserver receives prerecorded files or FFM streams from some ffmpeg instance as input, then streams them over RTP/RTSP/HTTP.
ffserver从预先录制好的文件或者一些作为输入用的 ffmpeg的例程FFM流 中接受数据，然后使用RTP/RTSP/HTTP来流化这些数据。
An ffserver instance will listen on some port as specified in the configuration file. You can launch one or more instances of ffmpeg and send one or more FFM streams to the port where ffserver is expecting to receive them. Alternately, you can make ffserver launch such ffmpeg instances at startup.
一个ffserver的例程，可以在一些端口上监听，这些端口在ffserver的配置文件中。你可以启动一个或者更多个ffmpeg的例程，并且发送一个或者多个FFM流给ffserver正在监听着的希望能收到数据的端口。
当然，你可以选择ffserver启动的时候，就加载这些ffmpeg的例程。
Input streams are called feeds, and each one is specified by a <Feed> section in the configuration file.
For each feed you can have different output streams in various formats, each one specified by a <Stream> section in the configuration file.
输入流被称为feeds，每个feeds通过配置文件中的<feed>seciton来指定。
对于每个feed，你可以有不同的格式的输出流，每个输出流在configure文件中用<Stream>section来指定。
2.1 Status stream 关于流的状态
ffserver supports an HTTP interface which exposes the current status of the server.
Simply point your browser to the address of the special status stream specified in the configuration file.
ffserver支持一个HTTP的接口，这个接口可以暴露server当前的状态。
只需要让你的浏览器简单的指向配置文件中所指定的特殊状态的流的地址。
For example if you have:
<Stream status.html> Format status # Only allow local people to get the status ACL allow localhost ACL allow 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 </Stream> |
then the server will post a page with the status information when the special stream ‘status.html’ is requested.
比如说，你可以这样，
<Stream status.html> <Stream 状态.html> Format status 格式状态 # Only allow local people to get the status 只允许本地的人获取到这些状态 ACL allow localhost ACL 允许localhost ACL allow 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 ALC 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255 地址范围 </Stream>
然后，当 指定的流的 status.html 被请求的时候， server会提供一个状态信息。
2.2 What can this do?
When properly configured and running, you can capture video and audio in real time from a suitable capture card, and stream it out over the Internet to either Windows Media Player or RealAudio player (with some restrictions).
当合理的配置并且运行之后，你可以从一个合适的获取卡上实时的获取音频和视频，然后流化通过因特网传输给微软播放器或者real的播放器。
It can also stream from files,though that is currently broken. Very often, a web server can be used to serve up the files just as well.
也可以从文件中流化，尽管当前这个功能时坏的？？？？ 通常，一个web server可以用来提供这些文件。
It can stream prerecorded video from .ffm files, though it is somewhat tricky to make it work correctly.
可以从.ffm文件中接收预先录制的流，尽管想要这个功能工作的好一点，是需要一些技术的。
2.3 How do I make it work? 怎么才能让ffserver工作呢？
First, build the kit. It *really* helps to have installed LAME first. Then when you run the ffserver ./configure, make sure that you have the --enable-libmp3lame flag turned on.
首先，编译。
非常重要的一点就是你得装上了LAME，然后用--enable-libmp3lame开启lame支持。
LAME is important as it allows for streaming audio to Windows Media Player. Don’t ask why the other audio types do not work.
LAME 非常重要，因为LAME可以让你流化音频给围绕的播放器。不要问我为啥其他的音频类型不工作。
As a simple test, just run the following two command lines where INPUTFILE is some file which you can decode with ffmpeg:
ffserver -f doc/ffserver.conf & ffmpeg -i INPUTFILE http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm |
作为一项简单的测试，当 INPUTFILE是一些文件时，使用ffmpeg来解码这些文件， 仅仅运行这俩命令行：
ffserver -f doc/ffserver.conf & ffmpeg -i INPUTFILE http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm
At this point you should be able to go to your Windows machine and fire up Windows Media Player (WMP). Go to Open URL and enter
http://<linuxbox>:8090/test.asf |
这时候，你需要能够打开你的windows设备和WMP，然后输入
http://<linuxbox>:8090/test.asf
You should (after a short delay) see video and hear audio.
过了一个短暂的延时之后，你就可以看到视频和听到音频了。
WARNING: trying to stream test1.mpg doesn’t work with WMP as it tries to transfer the entire file before starting to play. The same is true of AVI files.
警告：
对于想流化test1.mpg，WMP不支持的。因为在开始播放前，ffserver会传递整个文件给WMP？AVI也是这样的？？？
还是说，WMP不支持，WMP要传递整个文件？
2.4 What happens next?
You should edit the ffserver.conf file to suit your needs (in terms of frame rates etc). Then install ffserver and ffmpeg, write a script to start them up, and off you go.
你得自己编辑好ffserver.conf文件，满足你的需求。比如说编辑好 帧率 啥的。
然后安装好ffserver和ffmpeg，写一个脚本启动他们俩。
2.5 Troubleshooting 疑难解答
2.5.1 I don’t hear any audio, but video is fine.
Maybe you didn’t install LAME, or got your ./configure statement wrong. Check the ffmpeg output to see if a line referring to MP3 is present. If not, then your configuration was incorrect. If it is, then maybe your wiring is not set up correctly. Maybe the sound card is not getting data from the right input source. Maybe you have a really awful audio interface (like I do) that only captures in stereo and also requires that one channel be flipped. If you are one of these people, then export ’AUDIO_FLIP_LEFT=1’ before starting ffmpeg.
我没有听到任何音频，但是视频是好的。
可能你没有安装好LAME啊，看下./configure。
检查下ffmpeg的输出，是不是有mp3啊。没有的话，那就是配置文件错了。你要保证配置文件对的。
或许声卡没有从正确的输入源获取到数据，或许你的音频的接口是错误的(like I do) that only captures in stereo and also requires that one channel be flipped.
如果不是专业人士，那么就在启动ffmpeg之前，export ’AUDIO_FLIP_LEFT=1’ 。
2.5.2 The audio and video lose sync after a while. 一会之后 音视频就不同步了。确实会这样的。
Yes, they do.
2.5.3 After a long while, the video update rate goes way down in WMP.
Yes, it does. Who knows why?
2.5.4 WMP 6.4 behaves differently to WMP 7.
Yes, it does. Any thoughts on this would be gratefully received. These differences extend to embedding WMP into a web page. [There are two object IDs that you can use: The old one, which does not play well, and the new one, which does (both tested on the same system). However, I suspect that the new one is not available unless you have installed WMP 7].
2.6 What else can it do?
You can replay video from.ffm files that was recorded earlier. However, there are a number of caveats, including the fact that the ffserver parameters must match the original parameters used to record the file. If they do not, then ffserver deletes the file before recording into it. (Now that I write this, it seems broken).
You can fiddle with many of the codec choices and encoding parameters, and there are a bunch more parameters that you cannot control. Post a message to the mailing list if there are some ’must have’ parameters. Look in ffserver.conf for a list of the currently available controls.
It will automatically generate the ASX or RAM files that are often used in browsers. These files are actually redirections to the underlying ASF or RM file. The reason for this is that the browser often fetches the entire file before starting up the external viewer. The redirection files are very small and can be transferred quickly. [The stream itself is often ’infinite’ and thus the browser tries to download it and never finishes.]
2.7 Tips
* When you connect toa live stream, most players (WMP, RA, etc) want to buffer a certain number of seconds of material so that they can display the signal continuously. However, ffserver (by default) starts sending data in realtime. This means that there is a pause of a few seconds while the buffering is being done by the player. The good news is that this can be cured byadding a ’?buffer=5’ to the end of the URL. This means that the stream should start 5 seconds in the past – and so the first 5 seconds of the stream are sent as fast as the network will allow. It will then slow down to real time. This noticeably improves the startup experience.
You can also add a’Preroll 15’ statement into the ffserver.conf that will add the 15 second prebuffering on all requests that do not otherwise specify a time. In addition, ffserver will skip frames until a key_frame is found. This further reduces the startup delay by not transferring data that will be discarded.
* You may want to adjust the MaxBandwidth in the ffserver.conf to limit the amount of bandwidth consumed by live streams.
2.8 Why does the ?buffer / Preroll stop working after a time?
It turns out that (on my machine at least) the number of frames successfully grabbed is marginally less than the number that ought to be grabbed. This means that the timestamp in the encoded data stream gets behind realtime. This means that if you say ’Preroll 10’, then when the stream gets 10 or more seconds behind, there is no Preroll left.
Fixing this requires a change in the internals of how timestamps are handled.
2.9 Does the ?date= stuff work.
Yes (subject to the limitation outlined above). Also note that whenever you start ffserver, it deletes the ffm file (if any parameters have changed), thus wiping out what you had recorded before.
The format of the ?date=xxxxxx is fairly flexible. You should use one of the following formats (the ’T’ is literal):
* YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS (localtime) * YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ (UTC) |
You can omit the YYYY-MM-DD, and then it refers to the current day. However note that ‘?date=16:00:00’ refers to 16:00 on the current day – this may be in the future and so is unlikely to be useful.
You use this by adding the ?date= to the end of the URL for the stream. For example: ‘http://localhost:8080/test.asf?date=2002-07-26T23:05:00’.
2.10 What is FFM, FFM2
FFM and FFM2 are formats used by ffserver. They allow storing a wide variety of video and audio streams and encoding options, and can store a moving time segment of an infinite movie or a whole movie.
FFM is version specific, and there is limited compatibility of FFM files generated by one version of ffmpeg/ffserver and another version of ffmpeg/ffserver. It may work but it is not guaranteed to work.
FFM2 is extensible while maintaining compatibility and should work between differing versions of tools. FFM2 is the default.
3. Options
All the numerical options, if not specified otherwise, accept a string representing a number as input, which may be followed by one of the SI unit prefixes, for example: ’K’, ’M’, or ’G’.
If ’i’ is appended to the SI unit prefix, the complete prefix will be interpreted as a unit prefix for binary multiplies, which are based on powers of 1024 instead of powers of 1000. Appending ’B’ to the SI unit prefix multiplies the value by 8. This allows using, for example: ’KB’, ’MiB’, ’G’ and ’B’ as number suffixes.
Options which do not take arguments are boolean options, and set the corresponding value to true. They can be set to false by prefixing the option name with "no". For example using "-nofoo" will set the boolean option with name "foo" to false.
3.1 Stream specifiers
Some options are applied per-stream, e.g. bitrate or codec. Stream specifiers are used to precisely specify which stream(s) a given option belongs to.
A stream specifier is a string generally appended to the option name and separated from it by a colon. E.g. -codec:a:1 ac3 contains the a:1 stream specifier, which matches the second audio stream. Therefore, it would select the ac3 codec for the second audio stream.
A stream specifier can match several streams, so that the option is applied to all of them. E.g. the stream specifier in -b:a 128k matches all audio streams.
An empty stream specifier matches all streams. For example, -codec copy or -codec: copy would copy all the streams without reencoding.
Possible forms of stream specifiers are:
‘ stream_index’
Matches the stream with this index. E.g. -threads:1 4 would set the thread count for the second stream to 4.
‘ stream_type[:stream_index]’
stream_type is one of following: ’v’ for video, ’a’ for audio, ’s’ for subtitle, ’d’ for data, and ’t’ for attachments. Ifstream_index is given, then it matches stream number stream_index of this type. Otherwise, it matches all streams of this type.
‘ p:program_id[:stream_index]’
If stream_index is given, then it matches the stream with number stream_index in the program with the id program_id. Otherwise, it matches all streams in the program.
‘ #stream_id’
Matches the stream by a format-specific ID.
3.2 Generic options
These options are shared amongst the ff* tools.
‘ -L’
Show license.
‘ -h, -?, -help, --help [arg]’
Show help. An optional parameter may be specified to print help about a specific item.
Possible values of arg are:
‘ decoder=decoder_name’
Print detailed information about the decoder named decoder_name. Use the ‘-decoders’ option to get a list of all decoders.
‘ encoder=encoder_name’
Print detailed information about the encoder named encoder_name. Use the ‘-encoders’ option to get a list of all encoders.
‘ demuxer=demuxer_name’
Print detailed information about the demuxer named demuxer_name. Use the ‘-formats’ option to get a list of all demuxers and muxers.
‘ muxer=muxer_name’
Print detailed information about the muxer named muxer_name. Use the ‘-formats’ option to get a list of all muxers and demuxers.
‘ filter=filter_name’
Print detailed information about the filter name filter_name. Use the ‘-filters’ option to get a list of all filters.
‘ -version’
Show version.
‘ -formats’
Show available formats.
‘ -codecs’
Show all codecs known to libavcodec.
Note that the term ’codec’ is used throughout this documentation as a shortcut for what is more correctly called a media bitstream format.
‘ -decoders’
Show available decoders.
‘ -encoders’
Show all available encoders.
‘ -bsfs’
Show available bitstream filters.
‘ -protocols’
Show available protocols.
‘ -filters’
Show available libavfilter filters.
‘ -pix_fmts’
Show available pixel formats.
‘ -sample_fmts’
Show available sample formats.
‘ -layouts’
Show channel names and standard channel layouts.
‘ -loglevel [repeat+]loglevel | -v [repeat+]loglevel’
Set the logging level used by the library. Adding "repeat+" indicates that repeated log output should not be compressed to the first line and the "Last message repeated n times" line will be omitted. "repeat" can also be used alone. If "repeat" is used alone, and with no prior loglevel set, the default loglevel will be used. If multiple loglevel parameters are given, using ’repeat’ will not change the loglevel.loglevel is a number or a string containing one of the following values:
‘ quiet’
Show nothing at all; be silent.
‘ panic’
Only show fatal errors which could lead the process to crash, such as and assert failure. This is not currently used for anything.
‘ fatal’
Only show fatal errors. These are errors after which the process absolutely cannot continue after.
‘ error’
Show all errors, including ones which can be recovered from.
‘ warning’
Show all warnings and errors. Any message related to possibly incorrect or unexpected events will be shown.
‘ info’
Show informative messages during processing. This is in addition to warnings and errors. This is the default value.
‘ verbose’
Same as info, except more verbose.
‘ debug’
Show everything, including debugging information.
By default the program logs to stderr, if coloring is supported by the terminal, colors are used to mark errors and warnings. Log coloring can be disabled setting the environment variable AV_LOG_FORCE_NOCOLOR or NO_COLOR, or can be forced setting the environment variable AV_LOG_FORCE_COLOR. The use of the environment variable NO_COLOR is deprecated and will be dropped in a following FFmpeg version.
‘ -report’
Dump full command line and console output to a file named program-YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS.log in the current directory. This file can be useful for bug reports. It also implies -loglevel verbose.
Setting the environment variable FFREPORT to any value has the same effect. If the value is a ’:’-separated key=value sequence, these options will affect the report; options values must be escaped if they contain special characters or the options delimiter ’:’ (see the “Quoting and escaping” section in the ffmpeg-utils manual). The following option is recognized:
‘ file’
set the file name to use for the report; %p is expanded to the name of the program, %t is expanded to a timestamp, %% is expanded to a plain %
Errors in parsing the environment variable are not fatal, and will not appear in the report.
‘ -cpuflags flags (global)’
Allows setting and clearing cpu flags. This option is intended for testing. Do not use it unless you know what you’re doing.
ffmpeg -cpuflags -sse+mmx ... ffmpeg -cpuflags mmx ... ffmpeg -cpuflags 0 ... |
Possible flags for this option are:
‘ x86’
‘ mmx’ ‘ mmxext’ ‘ sse’ ‘ sse2’ ‘ sse2slow’ ‘ sse3’ ‘ sse3slow’ ‘ ssse3’ ‘ atom’ ‘ sse4.1’ ‘ sse4.2’ ‘ avx’ ‘ xop’ ‘ fma4’ ‘ 3dnow’ ‘ 3dnowext’ ‘ cmov’
‘ ARM’
‘ armv5te’ ‘ armv6’ ‘ armv6t2’ ‘ vfp’ ‘ vfpv3’ ‘ neon’
‘ PowerPC’
‘ altivec’
‘ Specific Processors’
‘ pentium2’ ‘ pentium3’ ‘ pentium4’ ‘ k6’ ‘ k62’ ‘ athlon’ ‘ athlonxp’ ‘ k8’
‘ -opencl_options options (global)’
Set OpenCL environment options. This option is only available when FFmpeg has been compiled with --enable-opencl.
options must be a list of key=value option pairs separated by ’:’. See the “OpenCL Options” section in the ffmpeg-utils manual for the list of supported options.
3.3 AVOptions
These options are provided directly by the libavformat, libavdevice and libavcodec libraries. To see the list of available AVOptions, use the ‘-help’ option. They are separated into two categories:
‘ generic’
These options can be set for any container, codec or device. Generic options are listed under AVFormatContext options for containers/devices and under AVCodecContext options for codecs.
‘ private’
These options are specific to the given container, device or codec. Private options are listed under their corresponding containers/devices/codecs.
For example to write an ID3v2.3 header instead of a default ID3v2.4 to an MP3 file, use the ‘id3v2_version’ private option of the MP3 muxer:
ffmpeg -i input.flac -id3v2_version 3 out.mp3 |
All codec AVOptions are obviously per-stream, so the chapter on stream specifiers applies to them
Note ‘-nooption’ syntax cannot be used for boolean AVOptions, use ‘-option 0’/‘-option 1’.
Note2 old undocumented way of specifying per-stream AVOptions by prepending v/a/s to the options name is now obsolete and will be removed soon.
3.4 Main options
‘ -f configfile’
Use ‘configfile’ instead of ‘/etc/ffserver.conf’.
‘ -n’
Enable no-launch mode. This option disables all the Launch directives within the various <Stream> sections. Since ffserver will not launch any ffmpeg instances, you will have to launch them manually.
‘ -d’
Enable debug mode. This option increases log verbosity, directs log messages to stdout.
4. See Also
ffserver-all, the ‘doc/ffserver.conf’ example, ffmpeg, ffplay, ffprobe, ffmpeg-utils, ffmpeg-scaler, ffmpeg-resampler, ffmpeg-codecs, ffmpeg-bitstream-filters, ffmpeg-formats, ffmpeg-devices, ffmpeg-protocols, ffmpeg-filters
5. Authors
The FFmpeg developers.
For details about the authorship, see the Git history of the project (git://source.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg), e.g. by typing the command git log in the FFmpeg source directory, or browsing the online repository at http://source.ffmpeg.org.
Maintainers for the specific components are listed in the file ‘MAINTAINERS’ in the source code tree.
This document was generated on September 10, 2013 using texi2html 1.82.
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