枚举基础（界面下拉单）

对于枚举，初学Java的时候可能我们就已经接触过了，但是在毕业前，其实一直都不知道真正工作里面枚举是怎么用的，枚举有什么用？接下来，博主就介绍枚举在实际工作中的一种使用场景，本文只适合初级的小菜鸟看哈，大神看了可别嘲笑这是水文哦，哈哈！

一、使用场景

在实际的工作中，比如我有一个选择家庭关系的下拉选择框，大家都是会是value和desc的组合，一般我们保存到数据库的都是value（英文），然后用户看到的是desc（中文）。但是我很多个页面会用到这样的下拉框，甚至可能很多个系统会用到，需要保持数据源的一致性，因此可以用一个枚举保存起来，然后提供一个接口，所有前端展示的数据源都是从这个接口里面获取。

可能看了这段文字仍然有点蒙，下面直接上代码，结合代码应该就清晰明了了。

二、使用实例

2.1、建立枚举如下

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">package</span> com.luo.test;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">enum</span> FamilyRelation {

    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/** 父母 */</span>
    PARENT(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"PARENT"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"父母"</span>),
    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/** 配偶 */</span>
    SPOUSE(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"SPOUSE"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"配偶"</span>),
    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/** 兄弟 */</span>
    BROUTHER(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"BROUTHER"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"兄弟"</span>),
    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/** 姐妹 */</span>
    SISTER(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"SISTER"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"姐妹"</span>),
    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/** 同学 */</span>
    SCHOOLMATE(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"SCHOOLMATE"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"同学"</span>),
    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/** 朋友 */</span>
    FRIEND(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"FRIEND"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"朋友"</span>);

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> String value;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> String desc;

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">FamilyRelation</span>(String value, String desc) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.setValue(value);
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.setDesc(desc);
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getValue</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> value;
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">setValue</span>(String value) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.value = value;
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getDesc</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> desc;
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">setDesc</span>(String desc) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.desc = desc;
    }
}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li></ul>

2.2、枚举的使用

接下来，我们需要做的可能就是，获取上面枚举的值，然后保存到list里面，如果使用springmvc的话，只需要将这个list传递到前端，然后前端使用js放到select节点里面。

这里之讲解将枚举放到list部分。

先建一个dto如下：

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">package com.luo.test;

<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> FamilyRelationDto {

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//关系值</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> String <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">value</span>;
    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//关系描述</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> String desc;

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getValue</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">value</span>;
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">setValue</span>(String <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">value</span>) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">value</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">value</span>;
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getDesc</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> desc;
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">setDesc</span>(String desc) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.desc = desc;
    }
}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li></ul>

将遍历枚举，将枚举里面的值放到list里面：

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">package <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">com</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.luo</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.test</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>

import java<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.util</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.ArrayList</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
import java<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.util</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.List</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>

public class EnumTest {

    public static void main(String args[]){
        //遍历枚举
        System<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.out</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.println</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"----------遍历枚举-------------"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
        for(FamilyRelation familyRelation : FamilyRelation<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.values</span>()){
            System<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.out</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.println</span>(familyRelation<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.getValue</span>() + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">":"</span> + familyRelation<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.getDesc</span>())<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
        }

        //将枚举存放到list里面
        List<FamilyRelationDto> list = new ArrayList<FamilyRelationDto>()<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
        for(FamilyRelation familyRelation : FamilyRelation<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.values</span>()){
            FamilyRelationDto familyRelationDto = new FamilyRelationDto()<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
            familyRelationDto<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setValue</span>(familyRelation<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.getValue</span>())<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
            familyRelationDto<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setDesc</span>(familyRelation<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.getDesc</span>())<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
            list<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.add</span>(familyRelationDto)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
        }
        System<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.out</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.println</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"list的长度："</span> + list<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.size</span>())<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
    }
}</code>