证书算法

SM2签名验证算法

SM2签名同样也是需要先摘要原文数据，即先使用SM3密码杂凑算法计算出32byte摘要。SM3需要摘要签名方ID（默认1234567812345678）、曲线参数a,b,Gx,Gy、共钥坐标(x,y)计算出Z值，然后再杂凑原文得出摘要数据。这个地方要注意曲线参数和坐标点都是32byte，在转换为BigInteger大数计算转成字节流时要去掉空补位，否则可能会出现摘要计算不正确的问题。SM2签名实现如下：

SM2签名

public static BigInteger[] Sm2Sign(byte[] md, AsymmetricCipherKeyPair keypair)
{
            SM3Digest sm3 = new SM3Digest();

            ECPublicKeyParameters ecpub = (ECPublicKeyParameters)keypair.Public;

            byte[] z = SM2CryptoServiceProvider.Sm2GetZ(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(SM2CryptoServiceProvider.userId), ecpub.Q);
            sm3.BlockUpdate(z, 0, z.Length);

            byte[] p = md;
            sm3.BlockUpdate(p, 0, p.Length);

            byte[] hashData = new byte[32];
            sm3.DoFinal(hashData, 0);

            // e
            BigInteger e = new BigInteger(1, hashData);
            // k
            BigInteger k = null;
            ECPoint kp = null;
            BigInteger r = null;
            BigInteger s = null;
            BigInteger userD = null;

            do
            {
                do
                {

                    ECPrivateKeyParameters ecpriv = (ECPrivateKeyParameters)keypair.Private;
                    k = ecpriv.D;
                    kp = ecpub.Q;

                    userD = ecpriv.D;

                    // r
                    r = e.Add(kp.X.ToBigInteger());
                    r = r.Mod(ecc_n);
                }
                while (r.Equals(BigInteger.Zero) || r.Add(k).Equals(ecc_n));

                // (1 + dA)~-1
                BigInteger da_1 = userD.Add(BigInteger.One);
                da_1 = da_1.ModInverse(ecc_n);
                // s
                s = r.Multiply(userD);
                s = k.Subtract(s).Mod(ecc_n);
                s = da_1.Multiply(s).Mod(ecc_n);
            }
            while (s.Equals(BigInteger.Zero));

            byte[] btRS = new byte[64];
            byte[] btR = r.ToByteArray();
            byte[] btS = s.ToByteArray();
            Array.Copy(btR, btR.Length - 32, btRS, 0, 32);
            Array.Copy(btS, btS.Length - 32, btRS, 32, 32);

            return new BigInteger[] { r, s };
}

SM2算法是基于ECC算法的，签名同样返回2个大数，共64byte。由于原来RSA算法已很普遍支持，要实现RSA的签名验签都有标准库的实现，而SM2是国密算法在国际上还没有标准通用，算法Oid标识在X509标准中是没定义的。在.Net或Java中可以基于使用BouncyCastle加密库实现，开源的也比较好学习扩展。SM2算法验签可以使用软验签，即可以不需要使用硬件设备，同样使用原始数据、签名、证书(公钥)来实现对签名方验证，保证数据完整性未被篡改。验证过程同样需先摘要原文数据，公钥在证书中是以一个66byte的BitString，去掉前面标记位即64byte为共钥坐标(x,y)，中间分割截取再以Hex方式转成BigInteger大数计算，验签代码如下：

SM2验签

public static bool Verify(byte[] msg, byte[] signData, byte[] certData)
{

            X509Certificate2 x5092 = new X509Certificate2(certData);
            byte[] certPK = x5092.GetPublicKey();

            certPK = SubByte(certPK, 1, 64);

            byte[] certPKX = SubByte(certPK, certPK.Length - 32 - 32, 32);
            byte[] certPKY = SubByte(certPK, certPK.Length - 32, 32);


            System.String strcertPKX = ByteToHexStr(certPKX);
            System.String strcertPKY = ByteToHexStr(certPKY);
            BigInteger biX = new BigInteger(strcertPKX, 16);
            BigInteger biY = new BigInteger(strcertPKY, 16);


            ECFieldElement x = new FpFieldElement(ecc_p, biX);
            ECFieldElement y = new FpFieldElement(ecc_p, biY);

            ECPoint userKey = new FpPoint(ecc_curve, x, y);


            SM3Digest sm3 = new SM3Digest();
            byte[] z = Sm2GetZ(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(userId), userKey);
            sm3.BlockUpdate(z, 0, z.Length);


            byte[] p = msg;
            sm3.BlockUpdate(p, 0, p.Length);

            byte[] md = new byte[32];
            sm3.DoFinal(md, 0);


            byte[] btR = SubByte(signData, 0, 32);
            byte[] btS = SubByte(signData, 32, 32);


            System.String strR = ByteToHexStr(btR);
            System.String strS = ByteToHexStr(btS);
            BigInteger r = new BigInteger(strR, 16);
            BigInteger s = new BigInteger(strS, 16);

            // e_
            BigInteger e = new BigInteger(1, md);
            // t
            BigInteger t = r.Add(s).Mod(ecc_n);

            if (t.Equals(BigInteger.Zero))
                return false;

            // x1y1
            ECPoint x1y1 = ecc_point_g.Multiply(s);
            x1y1 = x1y1.Add(userKey.Multiply(t));

            // R
            BigInteger R = e.Add(x1y1.X.ToBigInteger()).Mod(ecc_n);

            return r.Equals(R);
}

制作SM2证书

基于BouncyCastle开源库，可以轻松制作X509证书、CRL、pkcs10、pkcs12，支持国际通用的RSA、ECC算法。制作SM2证书可以通过扩展BouncyCastle库来实现，需加入SM2签名算法DerObjectIdentifier标识1.2.156.10197.1.501（基于SM3的SM2算法签名），密钥对的生成使用国密推荐曲线参数，然后如上所示自行实现SM2签名验证算法。X509证书由证书主体、证书签名算法标识、签名组成，和RSA证书主要不同的是SM2证书的签名算法标识和签名，及证书公钥使用ECKeyParameters。生成自签名SM2证书代码如下：

SM2证书生成

public static Org.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate MakeRootCert(string filePath, IDictionary subjectNames)
{
        AsymmetricCipherKeyPair keypair = SM2CryptoServiceProvider.SM2KeyPairGenerator.GenerateKeyPair();
        ECPublicKeyParameters pubKey = (ECPublicKeyParameters)keypair.Public; //CA公钥   
        ECPrivateKeyParameters priKey = (ECPrivateKeyParameters)keypair.Private;    //CA私钥   



        X509Name issuerDN = new X509Name(GetDictionaryKeys(subjectNames), subjectNames);
        X509Name subjectDN = issuerDN;  //自签证书，两者一样

        SM2X509V3CertificateGenerator sm2CertGen = new SM2X509V3CertificateGenerator();
        //X509V3CertificateGenerator sm2CertGen = new X509V3CertificateGenerator();
        sm2CertGen.SetSerialNumber(new BigInteger(128, new Random()));   //128位   
        sm2CertGen.SetIssuerDN(issuerDN);
        sm2CertGen.SetNotBefore(DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(-1));
        sm2CertGen.SetNotAfter(DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(365 * 10));
        sm2CertGen.SetSubjectDN(subjectDN);
        sm2CertGen.SetPublicKey(pubKey); //公钥


        sm2CertGen.SetSignatureAlgorithm("SM3WITHSM2");

        sm2CertGen.AddExtension(X509Extensions.BasicConstraints, true, new BasicConstraints(true));
        sm2CertGen.AddExtension(X509Extensions.SubjectKeyIdentifier, false, new SubjectKeyIdentifierStructure(pubKey));
        sm2CertGen.AddExtension(X509Extensions.AuthorityKeyIdentifier, false, new AuthorityKeyIdentifierStructure(pubKey));
        sm2CertGen.AddExtension(X509Extensions.KeyUsage, true, new KeyUsage(6));


        Org.BouncyCastle.X509.X509Certificate sm2Cert = sm2CertGen.Generate(keypair);

        sm2Cert.CheckValidity();
        sm2Cert.Verify(pubKey);

        return sm2Cert;
}

X509证书使用ASN1语法进行编码，是用类型标识、长度和值序列来描述数据结构的。SM2证书在制作设置公钥时，默认会带ECKeyParameters参数，并没有SM2的公钥参数1.2.156.10197.1.301，因此需要自己写个SM2椭圆曲线密码算法标识对象，这样在生成的证书中就可以看到公钥参数字段，如下所示：

SM2证书公钥标识

using System;

using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1;


namespace Common.Security
{
    public class SM2AlgorithmIdentifier
        : AlgorithmIdentifier
    {

        private readonly bool parametersDefined;

    public SM2AlgorithmIdentifier(
            DerObjectIdentifier objectID):base(objectID)
        {

        }


    public SM2AlgorithmIdentifier(
            DerObjectIdentifier    objectID,
            Asn1Encodable parameters)
            : base(objectID, parameters)
        {
            this.parametersDefined = true;
        }

    /**
         * Produce an object suitable for an Asn1OutputStream.
         *          *      AlgorithmIdentifier ::= Sequence {
         *                            algorithm OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
         *                            parameters ANY DEFINED BY algorithm OPTIONAL }
         * 
    */
          public override Asn1Object ToAsn1Object()
          {
             DerObjectIdentifier sm2Identifier = new DerObjectIdentifier("1.2.156.10197.1.301");
             Asn1EncodableVector v = new Asn1EncodableVector(base.ObjectID, sm2Identifier);
             return new DerSequence(v);          
          }     

      } 
}

SM2算法是国密局公布的公钥密码算法，在相当强度下密钥比RSA短，在使用智能卡有限空间存储时非常可贵。目前国内很多CA大都升级支持SM2算法证书，相信以后会慢慢地推广更多应用，也期望之后能与国际标准接轨。

附：

国密推荐256位曲线参数

p=FFFFFFFE FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF 00000000 FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF
a=FFFFFFFE FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF 00000000 FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFC
b=28E9FA9E 9D9F5E34 4D5A9E4B CF6509A7 F39789F5 15AB8F92 DDBCBD41 4D940E93
n=FFFFFFFE FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF 7203DF6B 21C6052B 53BBF409 39D54123
Gx=32C4AE2C 1F198119 5F990446 6A39C994 8FE30BBF F2660BE1 715A4589 334C74C7
Gy=BC3736A2 F4F6779C 59BDCEE3 6B692153 D0A9877C C62A4740 02DF32E5 2139F0A0