Java并发编程学习-日记7、第二个netty程序回显服务器

代码示例：

public class NettyEchoServer {     private final int serverPort;     ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();     public NettyEchoServer(int port) {         this.serverPort = port;     }     public void runServer() {         //创建reactor 线程组         EventLoopGroup bossLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);         EventLoopGroup workerLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();         try {             b.group(bossLoopGroup, workerLoopGroup); //1 设置reactor 线程组             b.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class); //2 设置nio类型的channel             b.localAddress(serverPort); //3 设置监听端口             //4 设置通道的参数             b.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);             b.option(ChannelOption.ALLOCATOR, PooledByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT);             b.childOption(ChannelOption.ALLOCATOR, PooledByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT);             //5 装配子通道流水线             b.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {                 //有连接到达时会创建一个channel                 protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {                     // pipeline管理子通道channel中的Handler                     // 向子channel流水线添加一个handler处理器                     ch.pipeline().addLast(NettyEchoServerHandler.INSTANCE);                 }             });             // 6 开始绑定server，通过调用sync同步方法阻塞直到绑定成功             ChannelFuture channelFuture = b.bind().sync();             Logger.info(" 服务器启动成功，监听端口: "  + channelFuture.channel().localAddress());             // 7 等待通道关闭的异步任务结束，服务监听通道会一直等待通道关闭的异步任务结束             ChannelFuture closeFuture = channelFuture.channel().closeFuture();             closeFuture.sync();         } catch (Exception e) {             e.printStackTrace();         } finally {             // 8 优雅关闭EventLoopGroup，释放掉所有资源包括创建的线程             workerLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();             bossLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();         }     }     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {         new NettyEchoServer(9000).runServer();     } } @ChannelHandler.Sharable //一个Handler可以被多个通道安全地共享 public class NettyEchoServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {     public static final NettyEchoServerHandler INSTANCE = new NettyEchoServerHandler();     @Override     public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {         ByteBuf in = (ByteBuf) msg;         Logger.info("msg type: " + (in.hasArray()?"堆内存":"直接内存"));         int len = in.readableBytes();         byte[] arr = new byte[len];         in.getBytes(0, arr);         Logger.info("server received: " + new String(arr, "UTF-8"));         //写回数据，异步任务         Logger.info("写回前，msg.refCnt:" + ((ByteBuf) msg).refCnt());         ChannelFuture f = ctx.writeAndFlush(msg);         f.addListener((ChannelFuture futureListener) -> {             Logger.info("写回后，msg.refCnt:" + ((ByteBuf) msg).refCnt());         });     } }

public class NettyEchoClient {     private int serverPort;     private String serverIp;     Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();     public NettyEchoClient(String ip, int port) {         this.serverPort = port;         this.serverIp = ip;     }     public void runClient() {         EventLoopGroup workerLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();//创建reactor 线程组         try {             b.group(workerLoopGroup);   //1 设置reactor 线程组             b.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);   //2 设置nio类型的channel             b.remoteAddress(serverIp, serverPort); //3 设置监听端口          b.option(ChannelOption.ALLOCATOR, PooledByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT); //4 设置通道的参数             //5 装配子通道流水线             b.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {                 //有连接到达时会创建一个channel                 protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {                     // pipeline管理子通道channel中的Handler                     // 向子channel流水线添加一个handler处理器                     ch.pipeline().addLast(NettyEchoClientHandler.INSTANCE);                 }             });             ChannelFuture f = b.connect();             f.addListener((ChannelFuture futureListener) ->             {                 if (futureListener.isSuccess()) {                     Logger.info("EchoClient客户端连接成功!");                 } else {                     Logger.info("EchoClient客户端连接失败!");                 }               });             f.sync();// 阻塞,直到连接完成             Channel channel = f.channel();             Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);             Print.tcfo("请输入发送内容:");             while (scanner.hasNext()) {                 //获取输入的内容                 String next = scanner.next();                 byte[] bytes = (Dateutil.getNow() + " >>" + next).getBytes("UTF-8");                 //发送ByteBuf                 ByteBuf buffer = channel.alloc().buffer();                 buffer.writeBytes(bytes);                 channel.writeAndFlush(buffer);                 Print.tcfo("请输入发送内容:");             }         } catch (Exception e) {             e.printStackTrace();         } finally {             // 优雅关闭EventLoopGroup，             // 释放掉所有资源包括创建的线程             workerLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();         }     }     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {         new NettyEchoClient(127.0.0.1， 9000).runClient();     } } @ChannelHandler.Sharable public class NettyEchoClientHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {     public static final NettyEchoClientHandler INSTANCE = new NettyEchoClientHandler();     @Override     public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {         ByteBuf in = (ByteBuf) msg;         int len = in.readableBytes();         byte[] arr = new byte[len];         in.getBytes(0, arr);         Logger.info("client received: " + new String(arr, "UTF-8"));         in.release();     } }

        注解：@ChannelHandler.Sharable的作用是标注一个Handler实例可以被多个通道安全地共享。

什么叫作Handler共享呢？

就是多个通道的流水线可以加入同一个Handler业务处理器实例。而这种操作，Netty默认是不允许。

• 如果没有加@ChannelHandler.Sharable注解，试图将同一个Handler实例添加到多个ChannelPipeline通道流水线时，Netty将会抛出异常。
• 同一个通道上的所有业务处理器，只能被同一个线程处理。所以，不是@Sharable共享类型的业务处理器，在线程的层面是安全的，不需要进行线程的同步控制。而不同的通道，可能绑定到多个不同的EventLoop反应器线程。因此，加上了@ChannelHandler. Sharable注解后的共享业务处理器的实例，可能被多个线程并发执行。这样，就会导致一个结果：@Sharable共享实例不是线程层面安全的。显而易见，@Sharable共享的业务处理器，如果需要操作的数据不仅仅是局部变量，则需要进行线程的同步控制，以保证操作是线程层面安全。
• ChannelHandlerAdapter提供了实用方法——isSharable()。如果其对应的实现加上了@Sharable注解，那么这个方法将返回true，表示它可以被添加到多个ChannelPipeline通道流水线中。