yum安装mysql

环境

• CentOS 7 64-bit Minimal
• MySQL 5.7

配置yum源

在 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/ 找到 yum 源 rpm 安装包

安装mysql源

上图mysql安装包地址

# 下载
shell> wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
# 安装 mysql 源
shell> yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

检查mysql源是否安装成功

[root@centos-linux program]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64       MySQL Connectors Community           185
mysql-tools-community/x86_64            MySQL Tools Community                123
mysql57-community/x86_64                MySQL 5.7 Community Server           484
[root@centos-linux program]# 

安装mysql

使用 yum install 命令安装

shell> yum install -y mysql-community-server

All matches were filtered out by modular filtering for argument: mysql-community-server

解决：

yum module disable mysql

启动 MySQL 服务

在 CentOS 7 下，新的启动/关闭服务的命令是 systemctl start|stop

shell> systemctl start mysqld

查看mysql启动状态

用 systemctl status 查看 MySQL 状态

[root@centos-linux program]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-02-03 15:39:47 CST; 44s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 24568 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 24493 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 24570 (mysqld)
    Tasks: 27
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─24570 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Feb 03 15:39:41 centos-linux.shared systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Feb 03 15:39:47 centos-linux.shared systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

设置开机启动

shell> systemctl enable mysqld
# 重载所有修改过的配置文件
shell> systemctl daemon-reload

修改 root 本地账户密码

mysql 安装完成之后，生成的默认密码在 /var/log/mysqld.log 文件中。使用 grep 命令找到日志中的密码。

[root@centos-linux program]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2021-02-03T07:39:44.628773Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: /!rNhrrf4e8D
[root@centos-linux program]# 

登陆mysql修改密码

首次通过初始密码登录后，使用以下命令修改密码，把密码设置复杂一点

shell> mysql -uroot -p
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'ojDYeeD3';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '&v85@7Z$';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

或者

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('&v85@7Z$');

以后通过 update set 语句修改密码

mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD('&v85@7Z$') where user='root';
mysql> flush privileges;

添加远程登录用户

默认只允许root帐户在本地登录，如果要在其它机器上连接mysql，必须添加一个允许远程连接的帐户。

添加一个允许远程连接的帐户

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'volc'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'uURUx%7i' WITH GRANT OPTION;

设置默认编码为 utf8

mysql 安装后默认不支持中文，需要修改编码。

查看默认编码

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

修改 /etc/my.cnf 配置文件，在相关节点（没有则自行添加）下添加编码配置，如下：

[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

重启mysql服务，查询编码。可以看到已经改过来了

shell> systemctl restart mysqld
shell> mysql -uroot -p
mysql> show variables like 'character%';

默认配置文件路径：

配置文件：/etc/my.cnf
日志文件：/var/log/mysqld.log
服务启动脚本：/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
socket文件：/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

navicat链接mysql

出现错误

2003 - Can't connect to MySQL server on '10.211.55.4' (61 "Connection refused")

这里如果没有监听3306端口或者只监听了localhost（0.0.0.0表示监听所有），则在my.cnf添加下面这一行

bind-address = 0.0.0.0

如果服务器是 CentOS7，将 MySQL 服务加入防火墙

执行命令

sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --add-service=mysql

返回success。然后继续执行

sudo systemctl restart firewalld

我的重启防火墙之后就能正常访问了。