Parameters

1)positional,keyword and default parameter

For positional parameters,values are assigned to different parameters according to their positions;  

def hello_1(greeting, name):
    print '%s, %s!' % (greeting, name)
>>> hello_1('Hello', 'world')
Hello, world!

Sometimes (especially if you have many parameters) the order may be hard to remember. To make things easier, you can supply the name of your parameter:

>>> hello_1(greeting='Hello', name='world')
Hello, world!
>>> hello_1(name='world', greeting='Hello')
Hello, world!

The parameters that are supplied with a name like this are called keyword parameters.On their own, the key strength of keyword parameters is that they can help clarify the role of each parameter.

What really makes keyword arguments rock, however, is that you can give the parameters in the function default values:

def hello_3(greeting='Hello', name='world'):
    print '%s, %s!' % (greeting, name)
>>> hello_3()
Hello, world!

2)collecting parameters  

In the definition of function,such as def func(*param),  the star means adding tuple mark "()" for the function arguments

def print_params(*params):
    print params
>>> print_params(1, 2, 3)
(1, 2, 3)

for def func(**param) the double stars means adding dictionary mark "{}" for the function arguments

def print_params_3(**params):
    print params
>>> print_params_3(x=1, y=2, z=3)
{'z': 3, 'x': 1, 'y': 2}

3)Reversing the Process

we also can use the stars to reverse the process of collecting prarameters when calling the function .that is  " * " means deleting tuple mark and "**" for dictionary mark:

def add(x, y): return x + y
params = (1, 2)
>>> add(*params)
3
def hello_3(greeting='Hello', name='world'):
    print '%s, %s!' % (greeting, name)
>>> params = {'name': 'Sir Robin', 'greeting': 'Well met'}
>>> hello_3(**params)
Well met, Sir Robin!

Using * (or **) both when you define and call the function will simply pass the tuple or dictionary right through, so you might as well not have bothered:

>>> def with_stars(**kwds):
        print kwds['name'], 'is', kwds['age'], 'years old'
>>> def without_stars(kwds):
        print kwds['name'], 'is', kwds['age'], 'years old'
>>> args = {'name': 'Mr. Gumby', 'age': 42}
>>>with_stars(**args)
Mr.Gumby is 42 years old
>>>without_stars(args)
Mr.Gumby is 42 years old

So the stars are really useful only if you use them either when defining a function (to allow a varying number of arguments) or when calling a function (to "splice in" a dictionary or a sequence).