判断Android应用在前台还是后台

判断程序前后台方法很多，这里讲解一种最简单的方式。

继承Application ，添加registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks回调，然后读取在前台的Activity个数，大于等于1在前台，等于0在后台。

public class UVApplication extends Application {
    private static UVApplication mVUApplication;
    private int mActivityCount = 0;

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        mVUApplication = this;
        registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(new ActivityLifecycleCallbacks() {
            @Override
            public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onActivityStarted(Activity activity) {
                LogUtil.d("onActivityStarted: "+activity.getLocalClassName());
                mActivityCount++;
            }

            @Override
            public void onActivityResumed(Activity activity) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) {
                LogUtil.d("onActivityStopped: "+activity.getLocalClassName());
                mActivityCount--;
            }

            @Override
            public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle outState) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity) {

            }
        });
    }

    public static UVApplication getVUInstance() {
        return mVUApplication;
    }

    public int getActivityCount() {
        return mActivityCount;
    }

}

使用方式继承UVApplication，在AndroidManifest.xml文件引入：
<application
android:name=".MyApplication"
然后获取application，读取getActivityCount的值就可以判断。

上面的方法有个问题是如果重写了Application，会限制程序的扩展，如果需要集成其他组件用到了Application就麻烦了。
registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks源码：

 public void registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(ActivityLifecycleCallbacks callback) {
        synchronized (mActivityLifecycleCallbacks) {
            mActivityLifecycleCallbacks.add(callback);
        }
    }

所以registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks函数内部对于监听的添加是每次调用都会添加新的回调函数，而不是覆盖原来的，所以只要用户传入Application，就可以利用传入的Application添加registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks监听。

public  void addActivityLifecycleCallbacks(Context context) {
        Application application = null;
        if (context instanceof Application) {
            application = ((Application) context);
        } else if (context.getApplicationContext() instanceof Application) {
            application = ((Application) context.getApplicationContext());
        }

        if (application != null) {
            application.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(new Application.ActivityLifecycleCallbacks() {
                @Override
                public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

                }

                @Override
                public void onActivityStarted(Activity activity) {
                    LogUtil.d("onActivityStarted: " + activity.getLocalClassName());
                    mActivityCount++;
                }

                @Override
                public void onActivityResumed(Activity activity) {

                }

                @Override
                public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity) {

                }

                @Override
                public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) {
                    LogUtil.d("onActivityStopped: " + activity.getLocalClassName());
                    mActivityCount--;
                }

                @Override
                public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle outState) {

                }

                @Override
                public void onActivityDestroyed(Activity activity) {

                }
            });
        }