利用spring session解决共享Session问题


1.共享Session问题

HttpSession是通过Servlet容器创建和管理的,像Tomcat/Jetty都是保存在内存中的。而如果我们把web服务器搭建成分布式的集群,然后利用LVS或Nginx做负载均衡,那么来自同一用户的Http请求将有可能被分发到两个不同的web站点中去。那么问题就来了,如何保证不同的web站点能够共享同一份session数据呢?

最简单的想法就是把session数据保存到内存以外的一个统一的地方,例如Memcached/Redis等数据库中。那么问题又来了,如何替换掉Servlet容器创建和管理HttpSession的实现呢?

(1)设计一个Filter,利用HttpServletRequestWrapper,实现自己的 getSession()方法,接管创建和管理Session数据的工作。spring-session就是通过这样的思路实现的。
(2)利用Servlet容器提供的插件功能,自定义HttpSession的创建和管理策略,并通过配置的方式替换掉默认的策略。不过这种方式有个缺点,就是需要耦合Tomcat/Jetty等Servlet容器的代码。这方面其实早就有开源项目了,例如memcached-session-manager,以及tomcat-redis-session-manager。暂时都只支持Tomcat6/Tomcat7。

2.Spring Session介绍

Spring Session是spring的项目之一,GitHub地址:https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-session。

Spring Session提供了一套创建和管理Servlet HttpSession的方案。Spring Session提供了集群Session(Clustered Sessions)功能,默认采用外置的Redis来存储Session数据,以此来解决Session共享的问题。


下面是来自官网的特性介绍:

Features

Spring Session provides the following features:

    API and implementations for managing a user's session
    HttpSession - allows replacing the HttpSession in an application container (i.e. Tomcat) neutral way
        Clustered Sessions - Spring Session makes it trivial to support clustered sessions without being tied to an application container specific solution.
        Multiple Browser Sessions - Spring Session supports managing multiple users' sessions in a single browser instance (i.e. multiple authenticated accounts similar to Google).
        RESTful APIs - Spring Session allows providing session ids in headers to work with RESTful APIs
    WebSocket - provides the ability to keep the HttpSession alive when receiving WebSocket messages


3.集成Spring Session的正确姿势


下面是实际调试通过的例子,包含下面4个步骤:

(1)第一步,添加Maven依赖

根据官网Quick Start展示的依赖,在项目pom.xml中添加后各种找不到类引用。于是查看Spring Session项目的build.gradle文件,居然没有配置依赖的项目,难道还要我自己去找它的依赖,太不专业了吧?!!!

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    <dependencies>  
        <dependency>  
            <groupId>org.springframework.session</groupId>  
            <artifactId>spring-session</artifactId>  
            <version>1.0.1.RELEASE</version>  
        </dependency>  
    </dependencies>  


终于在多番仔细研究Spring Session项目源码之后,看到了spring-session-data-redis项目:


build.gradle文件里配置了Spring Session编译依赖的3个项目:

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    apply from: JAVA_GRADLE  
    apply from: MAVEN_GRADLE  
      
    apply plugin: 'spring-io'  
      
    description = "Aggregator for Spring Session and Spring Data Redis"  
      
    dependencies {  
        compile project(':spring-session'),  
                "org.springframework.data:spring-data-redis:$springDataRedisVersion",  
                "redis.clients:jedis:$jedisVersion",  
                "org.apache.commons:commons-pool2:$commonsPoolVersion"  
      
        springIoVersions "io.spring.platform:platform-versions:${springIoVersion}@properties"  
    }  

于是,真正的Maven依赖改成spring-session-data-redis就OK了:

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    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.springframework.session</groupId>  
        <artifactId>spring-session-data-redis</artifactId>  
        <version>1.0.1.RELEASE</version>  
    </dependency>  

(2)第二步,编写一个配置类,用来启用RedisHttpSession功能,并向Spring容器中注册一个RedisConnectionFactory。
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    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;  
    import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;  
    import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory;  
    import org.springframework.session.data.redis.config.annotation.web.http.EnableRedisHttpSession;  
      
    @EnableRedisHttpSession(maxInactiveIntervalInSeconds = 7200)  
    public class RedisHttpSessionConfig {  
      
        @Bean  
        public RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {  
            JedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new JedisConnectionFactory();  
            connectionFactory.setPort(6379);  
            connectionFactory.setHostName("10.18.15.190");  
            return connectionFactory;  
        }  
    }  

(3)第三步,将RedisHttpSessionConfig加入到WebInitializer#getRootConfigClasses()中,让Spring容器加载RedisHttpSessionConfig类。WebInitializer是一个自定义的AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer实现类,该类会在Servlet启动时加载(当然也可以采用别的加载方法,比如采用扫描@Configuration注解类的方式等等)。

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    //该类采用Java Configuration,来代替web.xml     
    public class WebInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {  
          
        @Override  
        protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {  
            return new Class[]{Config1.class, Config2.class, RedisHttpSessionConfig.class};  
        }  
          
        //......  
    }  


(4)第四步,编写一个一个AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer实现类,用于向Servlet容器中添加springSessionRepositoryFilter。

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    import org.springframework.session.web.context.AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer;  
      
    public class SpringSessionInitializer extends AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer {  
    }  


4. Spring Session原理


(1)前面集成spring-sesion的第二步中,编写了一个配置类RedisHttpSessionConfig,它包含注解@EnableRedisHttpSession,并通过@Bean注解注册了一个RedisConnectionFactory到Spring容器中。

而@EnableRedisHttpSession注解通过Import,引入了RedisHttpSessionConfiguration配置类。该配置类通过@Bean注解,向Spring容器中注册了一个SessionRepositoryFilter(SessionRepositoryFilter的依赖关系:SessionRepositoryFilter --> SessionRepository --> RedisTemplate --> RedisConnectionFactory)。

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    package org.springframework.session.data.redis.config.annotation.web.http;  
      
    @Configuration  
    @EnableScheduling  
    public class RedisHttpSessionConfiguration implements ImportAware, BeanClassLoaderAware {  
        //......  
          
        @Bean  
        public RedisTemplate<String,ExpiringSession> sessionRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {  
            //......  
            return template;  
        }  
          
        @Bean  
        public RedisOperationsSessionRepository sessionRepository(RedisTemplate<String, ExpiringSession> sessionRedisTemplate) {  
            //......  
            return sessionRepository;  
        }  
          
        @Bean  
        public <S extends ExpiringSession> SessionRepositoryFilter<? extends ExpiringSession> springSessionRepositoryFilter(SessionRepository<S> sessionRepository, ServletContext servletContext) {  
            //......  
            return sessionRepositoryFilter;  
        }  
          
        //......  
    }  

(2)集成spring-sesion的第四步中,我们编写了一个SpringSessionInitializer 类,它继承自AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer。该类不需要重载或实现任何方法,它的作用是在Servlet容器初始化时,从Spring容器中获取一个默认名叫sessionRepositoryFilter的过滤器类(之前没有注册的话这里找不到会报错),并添加到Servlet过滤器链中。

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    package org.springframework.session.web.context;  
      
    /** 
     * Registers the {@link DelegatingFilterProxy} to use the 
     * springSessionRepositoryFilter before any other registered {@link Filter}.  
     * 
     * ...... 
     */  
    @Order(100)  
    public abstract class AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {  
      
        private static final String SERVLET_CONTEXT_PREFIX = "org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.CONTEXT.";  
      
        public static final String DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME = "springSessionRepositoryFilter";  
      
        //......  
      
        public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext)  
                throws ServletException {  
            beforeSessionRepositoryFilter(servletContext);  
            if(configurationClasses != null) {  
                AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext rootAppContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();  
                rootAppContext.register(configurationClasses);  
                servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(rootAppContext));  
            }  
            insertSessionRepositoryFilter(servletContext);//注册一个SessionRepositoryFilter  
            afterSessionRepositoryFilter(servletContext);  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Registers the springSessionRepositoryFilter 
         * @param servletContext the {@link ServletContext} 
         */  
        private void insertSessionRepositoryFilter(ServletContext servletContext) {  
            String filterName = DEFAULT_FILTER_NAME;//默认名字是springSessionRepositoryFilter  
            DelegatingFilterProxy springSessionRepositoryFilter = new DelegatingFilterProxy(filterName);//该Filter代理会在初始化时从Spring容器中查找springSessionRepositoryFilter,之后实际会使用SessionRepositoryFilter进行doFilter操作         
            String contextAttribute = getWebApplicationContextAttribute();  
            if(contextAttribute != null) {  
                springSessionRepositoryFilter.setContextAttribute(contextAttribute);  
            }  
            registerFilter(servletContext, true, filterName, springSessionRepositoryFilter);  
        }  
          
        //......  
    }  


SessionRepositoryFilter是一个优先级最高的javax.servlet.Filter,它使用了一个SessionRepositoryRequestWrapper类接管了Http Session的创建和管理工作。

注意下面给出的是简化过的示例代码,与spring-session项目的源代码有所差异。

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    @Order(SessionRepositoryFilter.DEFAULT_ORDER)  
    public class SessionRepositoryFilter implements Filter {  
      
            public doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) {  
                    HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;  
                    SessionRepositoryRequestWrapper customRequest =  
                            new SessionRepositoryRequestWrapper(httpRequest);  
      
                    chain.doFilter(customRequest, response, chain);  
            }  
      
            // ...  
    }  


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    public class SessionRepositoryRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {  
      
            public SessionRepositoryRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest original) {  
                    super(original);  
            }  
      
            public HttpSession getSession() {  
                    return getSession(true);  
            }  
      
            public HttpSession getSession(boolean createNew) {  
                    // create an HttpSession implementation from Spring Session  
            }  
      
            // ... other methods delegate to the original HttpServletRequest ...  
    }  

(3)好了,剩下的问题就是,如何在Servlet容器启动时,加载下面两个类。幸运的是,这两个类由于都实现了WebApplicationInitializer接口,会被自动加载。

    WebInitializer,负责加载配置类。它继承自AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer,实现了WebApplicationInitializer接口
    SpringSessionInitializer,负责添加sessionRepositoryFilter的过滤器类。它继承自AbstractHttpSessionApplicationInitializer,实现了WebApplicationInitializer接口


在Servlet3.0规范中,Servlet容器启动时会自动扫描javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的实现类,在实现类中我们可以定制需要加载的类。在spring-web项目中,有一个ServletContainerInitializer实现类SpringServletContainerInitializer,它通过注解@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class),让Servlet容器在启动该类时,会自动寻找所有的WebApplicationInitializer实现类。

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    package org.springframework.web;  
      
    @HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)  
    public class SpringServletContainerInitializer implements ServletContainerInitializer {  
      
        /** 
         * Delegate the {@code ServletContext} to any {@link WebApplicationInitializer} 
         * implementations present on the application classpath. 
         * 
         * <p>Because this class declares @{@code HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)}, 
         * Servlet 3.0+ containers will automatically scan the classpath for implementations 
         * of Spring's {@code WebApplicationInitializer} interface and provide the set of all 
         * such types to the {@code webAppInitializerClasses} parameter of this method. 
         * 
         * <p>If no {@code WebApplicationInitializer} implementations are found on the 
         * classpath, this method is effectively a no-op. An INFO-level log message will be 
         * issued notifying the user that the {@code ServletContainerInitializer} has indeed 
         * been invoked but that no {@code WebApplicationInitializer} implementations were 
         * found. 
         * 
         * <p>Assuming that one or more {@code WebApplicationInitializer} types are detected, 
         * they will be instantiated (and <em>sorted</em> if the @{@link 
         * org.springframework.core.annotation.Order @Order} annotation is present or 
         * the {@link org.springframework.core.Ordered Ordered} interface has been 
         * implemented). Then the {@link WebApplicationInitializer#onStartup(ServletContext)} 
         * method will be invoked on each instance, delegating the {@code ServletContext} such 
         * that each instance may register and configure servlets such as Spring's 
         * {@code DispatcherServlet}, listeners such as Spring's {@code ContextLoaderListener}, 
         * or any other Servlet API componentry such as filters. 
         * 
         * @param webAppInitializerClasses all implementations of 
         * {@link WebApplicationInitializer} found on the application classpath 
         * @param servletContext the servlet context to be initialized 
         * @see WebApplicationInitializer#onStartup(ServletContext) 
         * @see AnnotationAwareOrderComparator 
         */  
        @Override  
        public void onStartup(Set<Class<?>> webAppInitializerClasses, ServletContext servletContext)  
                throws ServletException {  
            //......  
        }  
      
    }  


5. 如何在Redis中查看Session数据?

(1)Http Session数据在Redis中是以Hash结构存储的。

(2)可以看到,还有一个key="spring:session:expirations:1431577740000"的数据,是以Set结构保存的。这个值记录了所有session数据应该被删除的时间(即最新的一个session数据过期的时间)。
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    127.0.0.1:6379> keys *  
    1) "spring:session:expirations:1431577740000"  
    2) "spring:session:sessions:e2cef3ae-c8ea-4346-ba6b-9b3b26eee578"  
    127.0.0.1:6379> type spring:session:sessions:e2cef3ae-c8ea-4346-ba6b-9b3b26eee578  
    hash  
    127.0.0.1:6379> type spring:session:expirations:1431577740000  
    set  


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    127.0.0.1:6379> keys *  
    1) "spring:session:expirations:1431527520000"  
    2) "spring:session:sessions:59f3987c-d1e4-44b3-a83a-32079942888b"  
    3) "spring:session:sessions:11a69da6-138b-42bc-9916-60ae78aa55aa"  
    4) "spring:session:sessions:0a51e2c2-4a3b-4986-a754-d886d8a5d42d"  
    5) "spring:session:expirations:1431527460000"  
      
    127.0.0.1:6379> hkeys spring:session:sessions:59f3987c-d1e4-44b3-a83a-32079942888b  
    1) "maxInactiveInterval"  
    2) "creationTime"  
    3) "lastAccessedTime"  
    4) "sessionAttr:attr1"  
      
    127.0.0.1:6379> hget spring:session:sessions:59f3987c-d1e4-44b3-a83a-32079942888b sessionAttr:attr1  
    "\xac\xed\x00\x05sr\x00\x11java.lang.Integer\x12\xe2\xa0\xa4\xf7\x81\x878\x02\x00\x01I\x00\x05valuexr\x00\x10java.lang.Number\x86\xac\x95\x1d\x0b\x94\xe0\x8b\x02\x00\x00xp\x00\x00\x00\x03"  
      
    127.0.0.1:6379> hget spring:session:sessions:59f3987c-d1e4-44b3-a83a-32079942888b creationTime  
    "\xac\xed\x00\x05sr\x00\x0ejava.lang.Long;\x8b\xe4\x90\xcc\x8f#\xdf\x02\x00\x01J\x00\x05valuexr\x00\x10java.lang.Number\x86\xac\x95\x1d\x0b\x94\xe0\x8b\x02\x00\x00xp\x00\x00\x01MM\x94(\xec"  


6.参考文章


Spring Session 1.01 Reference

spring session入门

集群session共享机制


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