binutil里的工具中比较好用的有nm strip strings
strings这个命令能读取串,但我看到好多代码里面都是写死了密码,如果直接写在代码里面, 用strings扫描一下,就出来了。 一般是放在数据库中, 且加密。 要用的时候, 先读取再解密出来。 这样就不怕strings扫描了。
nm很简单, 但是还是有必要写几句, 聊表心意。
nm是names的缩写, nm命令主要是用来列出某些文件中的符号(说白了就是一些函数和全局变量等)。 下面, 我们一起来看看。
test.h为:
- void print();
void print();
test.c为:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include "test.h"
- void print()
- {
- printf("rainy days\n");
- }
#include <stdio.h>
#include "test.h"
void print()
{
printf("rainy days\n");
}
main.c为:
- #include "test.h"
- int main()
- {
- print();
- return 0;
- }
#include "test.h"
int main()
{
print();
return 0;
}
好, 我们看看nm命令的作用效果, 如下:
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ nm *
- nm: main.c: File format not recognized
- nm: test.c: File format not recognized
- nm: test.h: File format not recognized
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ nm *
nm: main.c: File format not recognized
nm: test.c: File format not recognized
nm: test.h: File format not recognized
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$
ni ma, 啥都没有, 这说明nm对这类文件无用。
继续看nm能否读取目标文件和可执行文件:
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ls
- main.c test.c test.h
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ gcc -c test.c main.c
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ gcc test.o main.o
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ./a.out
- rainy days
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ nm *
- a.out:
- 08049564 d _DYNAMIC
- 08049630 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
- 0804849c R _IO_stdin_used
- w _Jv_RegisterClasses
- 08049554 d __CTOR_END__
- 08049550 d __CTOR_LIST__
- 0804955c D __DTOR_END__
- 08049558 d __DTOR_LIST__
- 0804854c r __FRAME_END__
- 08049560 d __JCR_END__
- 08049560 d __JCR_LIST__
- 0804964c A __bss_start
- 08049648 D __data_start
- 08048450 t __do_global_ctors_aux
- 08048330 t __do_global_dtors_aux
- 080484a0 R __dso_handle
- w __gmon_start__
- 0804844a T __i686.get_pc_thunk.bx
- 08049550 d __init_array_end
- 08049550 d __init_array_start
- 080483e0 T __libc_csu_fini
- 080483f0 T __libc_csu_init
- U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.0
- 0804964c A _edata
- 08049654 A _end
- 0804847c T _fini
- 08048498 R _fp_hw
- 08048290 T _init
- 08048300 T _start
- 0804964c b completed.5963
- 08049648 W data_start
- 08049650 b dtor_idx.5965
- 08048390 t frame_dummy
- 080483c8 T main
- 080483b4 T print
- U puts@@GLIBC_2.0
- nm: main.c: File format not recognized
- main.o:
- 00000000 T main
- U print
- nm: test.c: File format not recognized
- nm: test.h: File format not recognized
- test.o:
- 00000000 T print
- U puts
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ls
main.c test.c test.h
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ gcc -c test.c main.c
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ gcc test.o main.o
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ./a.out
rainy days
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ nm *
a.out:
08049564 d _DYNAMIC
08049630 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
0804849c R _IO_stdin_used
w _Jv_RegisterClasses
08049554 d __CTOR_END__
08049550 d __CTOR_LIST__
0804955c D __DTOR_END__
08049558 d __DTOR_LIST__
0804854c r __FRAME_END__
08049560 d __JCR_END__
08049560 d __JCR_LIST__
0804964c A __bss_start
08049648 D __data_start
08048450 t __do_global_ctors_aux
08048330 t __do_global_dtors_aux
080484a0 R __dso_handle
w __gmon_start__
0804844a T __i686.get_pc_thunk.bx
08049550 d __init_array_end
08049550 d __init_array_start
080483e0 T __libc_csu_fini
080483f0 T __libc_csu_init
U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.0
0804964c A _edata
08049654 A _end
0804847c T _fini
08048498 R _fp_hw
08048290 T _init
08048300 T _start
0804964c b completed.5963
08049648 W data_start
08049650 b dtor_idx.5965
08048390 t frame_dummy
080483c8 T main
080483b4 T print
U puts@@GLIBC_2.0
nm: main.c: File format not recognized
main.o:
00000000 T main
U print
nm: test.c: File format not recognized
nm: test.h: File format not recognized
test.o:
00000000 T print
U puts
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$
可以看到, 对于目标文件和可执行文件而言, 均可以获得其中的函数, 如print函数。
我们继续看静态库和动态库, 如下:
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ls
- main.c test.c test.h
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ gcc -c test.c
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ar rcs libtest.a test.o
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ gcc -shared -fPIC -o libtest.so test.o
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ls
- libtest.a libtest.so main.c test.c test.h test.o
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ nm lib*
- libtest.a:
- test.o:
- 00000000 T print
- U puts
- libtest.so:
- 000014bc a _DYNAMIC
- 00001590 a _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
- w _Jv_RegisterClasses
- 000014a8 d __CTOR_END__
- 000014a4 d __CTOR_LIST__
- 000014b0 d __DTOR_END__
- 000014ac d __DTOR_LIST__
- 000004a0 r __FRAME_END__
- 000014b4 d __JCR_END__
- 000014b4 d __JCR_LIST__
- 000015a4 A __bss_start
- w __cxa_finalize@@GLIBC_2.1.3
- 00000440 t __do_global_ctors_aux
- 00000350 t __do_global_dtors_aux
- 000014b8 d __dso_handle
- w __gmon_start__
- 00000419 t __i686.get_pc_thunk.bx
- 000015a4 A _edata
- 000015ac A _end
- 00000478 T _fini
- 000002ec T _init
- 000015a4 b completed.5963
- 000015a8 b dtor_idx.5965
- 000003e0 t frame_dummy
- 00000420 T print
- U puts@@GLIBC_2.0
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ls
main.c test.c test.h
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ gcc -c test.c
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ar rcs libtest.a test.o
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ gcc -shared -fPIC -o libtest.so test.o
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ls
libtest.a libtest.so main.c test.c test.h test.o
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ nm lib*
libtest.a:
test.o:
00000000 T print
U puts
libtest.so:
000014bc a _DYNAMIC
00001590 a _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
w _Jv_RegisterClasses
000014a8 d __CTOR_END__
000014a4 d __CTOR_LIST__
000014b0 d __DTOR_END__
000014ac d __DTOR_LIST__
000004a0 r __FRAME_END__
000014b4 d __JCR_END__
000014b4 d __JCR_LIST__
000015a4 A __bss_start
w __cxa_finalize@@GLIBC_2.1.3
00000440 t __do_global_ctors_aux
00000350 t __do_global_dtors_aux
000014b8 d __dso_handle
w __gmon_start__
00000419 t __i686.get_pc_thunk.bx
000015a4 A _edata
000015ac A _end
00000478 T _fini
000002ec T _init
000015a4 b completed.5963
000015a8 b dtor_idx.5965
000003e0 t frame_dummy
00000420 T print
U puts@@GLIBC_2.0
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$
可以看到, 我们可以从静态库和动态库中获取到函数名称, 如print函数。
好, 我们再来看看全局变量的情形, 我们把main.c改为:
- #include <stdio.h>
- int add(int x, int y)
- {
- return x + y;
- }
- int aaa;
- int bbb = 1;
- char szTest[] = "good";
- int main()
- {
- int ccc = 2;
- return 0;
- }
#include <stdio.h>
int add(int x, int y)
{
return x + y;
}
int aaa;
int bbb = 1;
char szTest[] = "good";
int main()
{
int ccc = 2;
return 0;
}
然后用nm分析a.out(注意, 如果只有nm命令, 则默认a.out为其要处理的文件):
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ls
- main.c
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ gcc main.c
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ./a.out
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ nm a.out
- 08049538 d _DYNAMIC
- 08049604 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
- 0804847c R _IO_stdin_used
- w _Jv_RegisterClasses
- 08049528 d __CTOR_END__
- 08049524 d __CTOR_LIST__
- 08049530 D __DTOR_END__
- 0804952c d __DTOR_LIST__
- 08048520 r __FRAME_END__
- 08049534 d __JCR_END__
- 08049534 d __JCR_LIST__
- 08049628 A __bss_start
- 08049618 D __data_start
- 08048430 t __do_global_ctors_aux
- 08048310 t __do_global_dtors_aux
- 08048480 R __dso_handle
- w __gmon_start__
- 0804842a T __i686.get_pc_thunk.bx
- 08049524 d __init_array_end
- 08049524 d __init_array_start
- 080483c0 T __libc_csu_fini
- 080483d0 T __libc_csu_init
- U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.0
- 08049628 A _edata
- 08049634 A _end
- 0804845c T _fini
- 08048478 R _fp_hw
- 08048274 T _init
- 080482e0 T _start
- 08049630 B aaa
- 08048394 T add
- 0804961c D bbb
- 08049628 b completed.5963
- 08049618 W data_start
- 0804962c b dtor_idx.5965
- 08048370 t frame_dummy
- 080483a2 T main
- 08049620 D szTest
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ls
main.c
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ gcc main.c
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ./a.out
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ nm a.out
08049538 d _DYNAMIC
08049604 d _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
0804847c R _IO_stdin_used
w _Jv_RegisterClasses
08049528 d __CTOR_END__
08049524 d __CTOR_LIST__
08049530 D __DTOR_END__
0804952c d __DTOR_LIST__
08048520 r __FRAME_END__
08049534 d __JCR_END__
08049534 d __JCR_LIST__
08049628 A __bss_start
08049618 D __data_start
08048430 t __do_global_ctors_aux
08048310 t __do_global_dtors_aux
08048480 R __dso_handle
w __gmon_start__
0804842a T __i686.get_pc_thunk.bx
08049524 d __init_array_end
08049524 d __init_array_start
080483c0 T __libc_csu_fini
080483d0 T __libc_csu_init
U __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.0
08049628 A _edata
08049634 A _end
0804845c T _fini
08048478 R _fp_hw
08048274 T _init
080482e0 T _start
08049630 B aaa
08048394 T add
0804961c D bbb
08049628 b completed.5963
08049618 W data_start
0804962c b dtor_idx.5965
08048370 t frame_dummy
080483a2 T main
08049620 D szTest
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$
可以看到, 不仅有add函数, 还有全局变量aaa, bbb和szTest, 要注意, aaa是未初始化的, 所以在Bss段, 而bbb、szTest是初始化了的, 所以在Data段。 值得注意的是, 并没有ccc, 因为ccc是局部变量, nm看不到的。
我们还应该注意到, 在上面看不到"good", 为啥呢? 因为nm是用来看szTest而非"good"的。 别忘了, 我们之前介绍过的strings命令可干这事, 如下:
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ls
- a.out main.c
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ strings a.out
- /lib/ld-linux.so.2
- __gmon_start__
- libc.so.6
- _IO_stdin_used
- __libc_start_main
- GLIBC_2.0
- PTRh
- [^_]
- good
- [taoge@localhost learn_nm]$
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ ls
a.out main.c
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$ strings a.out
/lib/ld-linux.so.2
__gmon_start__
libc.so.6
_IO_stdin_used
__libc_start_main
GLIBC_2.0
PTRh
[^_]
good
[taoge@localhost learn_nm]$
nm命令主要列出特性文件中的符号信息, 具体更加详细的用法, 请问man, 我就不再过多介绍了。
转自 http://blog.csdn.net/stpeace/article/details/47089585