7.4-yum工具用法

yum 比 rpm 更加方便。yum 工具最大的优势在于可以联网去下载所需要的 rpm 包，然后自动安装。如果要安装的 rpm 包有依赖关系，yum 工具会帮我们依次安装所有相关的 rpm 包

列出所有可用的 rpm 安装包

[root@evan-01 ~]# yum list 
...（省略很多内容）
zenity.x86_64                                                          3.28.1-1.el7                                        base     
zlib.i686                                                              1.2.7-18.el7                                        base     
zlib.x86_64                                                            1.2.7-18.el7                                        base     
zlib-devel.i686                                                        1.2.7-18.el7                                        base     
zlib-devel.x86_64                                                      1.2.7-18.el7                                        base     
zlib-static.i686                                                       1.2.7-18.el7                                        base     
zlib-static.x86_64                                                     1.2.7-18.el7                                        base     
zsh.x86_64                                                             5.0.2-31.el7                                        base     
zsh-html.x86_64                                                        5.0.2-31.el7                                        base     
zziplib.i686                                                           0.13.62-9.el7                                       base     
zziplib.x86_64                                                         0.13.62-9.el7                                       base     
zziplib-devel.i686                                                     0.13.62-9.el7                                       base     
zziplib-devel.x86_64                                                   0.13.62-9.el7                                       base     
zziplib-utils.x86_64                                                   0.13.62-9.el7                                       base     
[root@evan-01 ~]#

以这个为例，说下都什么含义

zziplib-utils.x86_64     0.13.62-9.el7         base 

rpm 包名	版本信息	安装信息
zziplib-utils.x86_64	0.13.62.9.el7	base

如果未安装，则显示 base 或者 anaconda；如果 rpm 包已安装但需要升级，则显示 updates

查看 yum 配置文件中的仓库

[root@evan-01 ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@evan-01 ~]# 

[root@evan-01 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#

[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates 
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

[root@evan-01 ~]# 

搜索 rpm 包

[root@evan-01 ~]# yum search vim
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
========================================================= N/S matched: vim =========================================================
protobuf-vim.x86_64 : Vim syntax highlighting for Google Protocol Buffers descriptions
vim-X11.x86_64 : The VIM version of the vi editor for the X Window System
vim-common.x86_64 : The common files needed by any version of the VIM editor
vim-enhanced.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements
vim-filesystem.x86_64 : VIM filesystem layout
vim-minimal.x86_64 : A minimal version of the VIM editor

  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
[root@evan-01 ~]# 

可以搜到这些和 vim 相关的包，这种方法搜索的不够精准

我们可以用 grep 来过滤，从而找到相对应的 rpm 包

[root@evan-01 ~]# yum list | grep 'vim'
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
vim-common.x86_64                           2:7.4.160-6.el7_6          @updates 
vim-enhanced.x86_64                         2:7.4.160-6.el7_6          @updates 
vim-filesystem.x86_64                       2:7.4.160-6.el7_6          @updates 
vim-minimal.x86_64                          2:7.4.160-2.el7            @anaconda
protobuf-vim.x86_64                         2.5.0-8.el7                base     
vim-X11.x86_64                              2:7.4.160-6.el7_6          updates  
vim-minimal.x86_64
[root@evan-01 ~]# 

安装 rpm 包
整个过程它会首先把需要安装的 rpm 包列出来，如果有依赖关系，也会把所有依赖的包列出来。然后询问用户是否需要安装，输入 y 则安装，输入 n 则不安装。那样的话太麻烦，所以直接加上 -y选项，这样就省略了询问用户是否安装的那一步

[root@evan-01 ~]# yum install -y protobuf-vim
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base                                                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                       | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                      | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package protobuf-vim.x86_64 0:2.5.0-8.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================================================
 Package                            Arch                         Version                           Repository                  Size
====================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 protobuf-vim                       x86_64                       2.5.0-8.el7                       base                       8.7 k

Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 8.7 k
Installed size: 3.7 k
Downloading packages:
protobuf-vim-2.5.0-8.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                          | 8.7 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : protobuf-vim-2.5.0-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                  1/1 
  Verifying  : protobuf-vim-2.5.0-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                  1/1 

Installed:
  protobuf-vim.x86_64 0:2.5.0-8.el7                                                                                                 

Complete!
[root@evan-01 ~]# 

卸载 rpm 包
卸载和安装一样，可以直接加上 -y 选项，从而省略与用户交互的那一步。卸载某个 rpm 包的时候一定要看清楚，不要连其他重要的 rpm 包也一起卸载了，以免影响正常的业务，所以使用 yum remove命令卸载包的时候，还是不要加 -y 选项了

[root@evan-01 ~]# yum remove  protobuf-vim
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package protobuf-vim.x86_64 0:2.5.0-8.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================================================
 Package                           Arch                        Version                             Repository                  Size
====================================================================================================================================
Removing:
 protobuf-vim                      x86_64                      2.5.0-8.el7                         @base                      3.7 k

Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================================
Remove  1 Package

Installed size: 3.7 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Erasing    : protobuf-vim-2.5.0-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                  1/1 
  Verifying  : protobuf-vim-2.5.0-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                  1/1 

Removed:
  protobuf-vim.x86_64 0:2.5.0-8.el7                                                                                                 

Complete!
[root@evan-01 ~]# 

升级 rpm 包
如果不加包名，会把系统中所有的 rpm 包进行升级

[root@evan-01 ~]# yum update bash
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bash.x86_64 0:4.2.46-28.el7 will be updated
---> Package bash.x86_64 0:4.2.46-31.el7 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

====================================================================================================================================
 Package                     Arch                          Version                                Repository                   Size
====================================================================================================================================
Updating:
 bash                        x86_64                        4.2.46-31.el7                          base                        1.0 M

Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================================================
Upgrade  1 Package

Total download size: 1.0 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
bash-4.2.46-31.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                | 1.0 MB  00:00:12     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Updating   : bash-4.2.46-31.el7.x86_64                                                                                        1/2 
  Cleanup    : bash-4.2.46-28.el7.x86_64                                                                                        2/2 
  Verifying  : bash-4.2.46-31.el7.x86_64                                                                                        1/2 
  Verifying  : bash-4.2.46-28.el7.x86_64                                                                                        2/2 

Updated:
  bash.x86_64 0:4.2.46-31.el7                                                                                                       

Complete!
[root@evan-01 ~]# 

搜命令有哪一个包
比如你想安装 vim 的包，但是你不知道在 yum 中 vim 的包名字叫什么，那么我们就可以使用这个命令yum provides '/*/vim'搜一下

[root@evan-01 ~]# yum provides '/*/vim'
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
base/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                   | 7.1 MB  00:00:45     
extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                 | 249 kB  00:00:00     
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.6.1810/updates/x86_64/repodata/a162eee98ea1692e6a955abb497dc7a487cd7bb9408bd170165949f9776d32fe-filelists.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.6.1810/updates/x86_64/repodata/a162eee98ea1692e6a955abb497dc7a487cd7bb9408bd170165949f9776d32fe-filelists.sqlite.bz2: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')
Trying other mirror.
updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db                                                                                | 5.2 MB  00:00:52     
cmake-2.8.12.2-2.el7.x86_64 : Cross-platform make system
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/share/cmake/editors/vim



git-1.8.3.1-19.el7.x86_64 : Fast Version Control System
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/share/doc/git-1.8.3.1/contrib/vim



git-1.8.3.1-20.el7.x86_64 : Fast Version Control System
Repo        : updates
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/share/doc/git-1.8.3.1/contrib/vim



2:vim-common-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64 : The common files needed by any version of the VIM editor
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/share/vim



2:vim-common-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64 : The common files needed by any version of the VIM editor
Repo        : updates
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/share/vim



2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements
Repo        : base
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/bin/vim



2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements
Repo        : updates
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/bin/vim



2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements
Repo        : @updates
Matched from:
Filename    : /usr/bin/vim



[root@evan-01 ~]#