4.10-Lvm讲解（上）准备磁盘分区，准备物理卷

LVM就是动态卷管理，可以将多个硬盘和硬盘分区做成一个逻辑卷，并把这个逻辑卷作为一个整体来统一管理，动态对分区进行扩缩空间大小，安全快捷方便管理

LVM最大的特点就是可以对磁盘进行动态管理。因为逻辑卷的大小是可以动态调整的，而且不会丢失现有的数据。我们如果新增加了硬盘，其也不会改变现有上层的逻辑卷。作为一个动态磁盘管理机制，逻辑卷技术大大提高了磁盘管理的灵活性

LVM工作原理图：

准备磁盘分区，创建3个分区，分别1G，改类型为8e（Lvm）
创建分区后，默认id是83是普通分区，想使用lvm的话，我们需要更改下分区类型为Lvm，输入t，输入8e就OK了

[root@evan-01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x38267e0f.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x38267e0f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +1G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x38267e0f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x38267e0f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): 

重复上面的操作，再创建2个lvm分区，并保存

...（重复上面的操作代码略）
Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x38267e0f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2         2099200     4196351     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb3         4196352     6293503     1048576   8e  Linux LVM


Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@evan-01 ~]# 

准备物理卷
ext4的签名检测 /dev/sdb1 在偏移1080。消灭它吗？

[root@evan-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]:

输入y，接着准备sdb2,sdb3

[root@evan-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y  
  Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sdb1.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
[root@evan-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created.
[root@evan-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb3
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created.
[root@evan-01 ~]# 

pvdisplay 列出当前的物理卷

[root@evan-01 ~]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <19.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4863
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          4863
  PV UUID               ATJXEF-FQls-H9tX-C3ra-jJrY-Eoxi-2ajMdp
   
  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               1.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               SKk9tA-K35g-Spcu-jbAm-Tym5-TtNd-LrXMgr
   
  "/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb2
  VG Name               
  PV Size               1.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               YZ0Xo2-k6QM-yVdm-DF6x-xmmv-Pjjo-wSoq13
   
  "/dev/sdb3" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb3
  VG Name               
  PV Size               1.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               htSWAV-IrVK-f1jw-OWiZ-u2n7-3AOK-CgEI4x
   
[root@evan-01 ~]# 

pvs 更直观查看当前的物理卷

[root@evan-01 ~]# pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree
  /dev/sda2  centos lvm2 a--  <19.00g    0 
  /dev/sdb1         lvm2 ---    1.00g 1.00g
  /dev/sdb2         lvm2 ---    1.00g 1.00g
  /dev/sdb3         lvm2 ---    1.00g 1.00g
[root@evan-01 ~]#