651. 4 Keys Keyboard

Imagine you have a special keyboard with the following keys:

Key 1: (A): Prints one ‘A’ on screen.

Key 2: (Ctrl-A): Select the whole screen.

Key 3: (Ctrl-C): Copy selection to buffer.

Key 4: (Ctrl-V): Print buffer on screen appending it after what has already been printed.

Now, you can only press the keyboard for N times (with the above four keys), find out the maximum numbers of ‘A’ you can print on screen.

Example 1:

Input: N = 3
Output: 3
Explanation: 
We can at most get 3 A's on screen by pressing following key sequence:
A, A, A

Example 2:

Input: N = 7
Output: 9
Explanation: 
We can at most get 9 A's on screen by pressing following key sequence:
A, A, A, Ctrl A, Ctrl C, Ctrl V, Ctrl V

Note:
1. 1 <= N <= 50
2. Answers will be in the range of 32-bit signed integer.

int maxA(int N) {
    if (N <= 6)return N;

    vector<int> dp(N + 1, 0);
    for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++)dp[i] = i;

    // dp[n]怎么由之前的求出来呢？  
    // 可以是dp[0..n-1]中的一直按A或者Ctrl_V而来的  
    for (int i = 7; i <= N; i++){
        dp[i] = dp[i - 1] + 1;
        for (int j = i - 3; j > 0; j--){
            dp[i] = max(dp[i], dp[j] * (i - j - 1));
        }
    }
    return dp[N];
}