小记——linux文件元属性

linux文件元属性是指文件的inode号、拥有者、大小、修改时间等属性，在linux中用以下结构体表示

<sys/stat.h>
struct stat {
dev_t st_dev; /* ID of device containing file */
ino_t st_ino; /* inode number */
mode_t st_mode; /* permissions */
nlink_t st_nlink; /* number of hard links */
uid_t st_uid; /* user ID of owner */
gid_t st_gid; /* group ID of owner */
dev_t st_rdev; /* device ID (if special file) */
off_t st_size; /* total size in bytes */
blksize_t st_blksize; /* blocksize for filesystem I/O */
blkcnt_t st_blocks; /* number of blocks allocated */
time_t st_atime; /* last access time */
time_t st_mtime; /* last modification time */
time_t st_ctime; /* last status change time */
};

1.  获取文件属性

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int stat (const char *path, struct stat *buf);
int fstat (int fd, struct stat *buf);
int lstat (const char *path, struct stat *buf);

其中lstat函数是用一获取符号链接的属性

==>例程：获取文件的大小

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct stat sb;
int ret;
if (argc < 2) {
fprintf (stderr,
"usage: %s <file>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
ret = stat (argv[1], &sb);
if (ret) {
perror ("stat");
return 1;
}
printf ("%s is %ld bytes\n",
argv[1], sb.st_size);
return 0;
}

==>例程：获取文件的类型

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct stat sb;
int ret;
if (argc < 2) {
fprintf (stderr,
"usage: %s <file>\n", argv[0]);
return 1;
}
ret = stat (argv[1], &sb);
if (ret) {
perror ("stat");
return 1;
}
printf ("File type: ");
switch (sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) {
case S_IFBLK:
printf("block device node\n");
break;
case S_IFCHR:
printf("character device node\n");
break;
case S_IFDIR:
printf("directory\n");
break;
case S_IFIFO:
printf("FIFO\n");
break;
case S_IFLNK:
printf("symbolic link\n");
break;
case S_IFREG:
printf("regular file\n");
break;
case S_IFSOCK:
printf("socket\n");
break;
default:
printf("unknown\n");
break;
}
return 0;
}

其中sb.st_mode & S_IFMT运算是用于消除无干位的数据，得到真实的文件类型。

2. 修改权限

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
int chmod (const char *path, mode_t mode);
int fchmod (int fd, mode_t mode);

==>例程：修改文件权限

int ret;
/*
* Set 'map.png' in the current directory to
* owner-readable and -writable. This is the
* same as 'chmod 600 ./map.png'.
*/
ret = chmod ("./map.png", S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
if (ret)
perror ("chmod");

3. 修改所有者与所有组

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int chown (const char *path, uid_t owner, gid_t group);
int lchown (const char *path, uid_t owner, gid_t group);
int fchown (int fd, uid_t owner, gid_t group);

==>例程：修改文件所有组

struct group *gr;
int ret;
/*
* getgrnam() returns information on a group
* given its name.
*/
gr = getgrnam ("officers");
if (!gr) {
/* likely an invalid group */
perror ("getgrnam");
return 1;
}
/* set manifest.txt's group to 'officers' */
ret = chown("manifest.txt", -1, gr->gr_gid);
if (ret)
perror ("chown");

==>例程：修改文件为root用户所有

/*
* make_root_owner - changes the owner and group of the file
* given by 'fd' to root. Returns 0 on success and −1 on
* failure.
*/
int make_root_owner (int fd)
{
int ret;
/* 0 is both the gid and the uid for root */
ret = fchown (fd, 0, 0);
if (ret)
perror ("fchown");
return ret;
}

其他注意内容：扩展属性