文章 篇幅 较长，其中有很多对比源码的地方。如果没有耐心看分析，可以直接看 最后的结论。
首先 提下： NSURLCache 和 NSCache。
NSURLCache: 可以在memory 和 disk 上缓存。但是在memory上缓存时，没有自动清理机制。单纯性的拷贝到memory上。（ BTW: 网上很多对比人说AFNetwork的图片缓存使用了NSURLCache,但是 经过笔者研究最新版本的AFNetwork 并没有使用NSURLCache。反而在SDWebImage 中的网络请求中使用了。但SDWebImage 并不是用NSURLCache来实现磁盘缓存的。）
NSCache: 在memory上缓存，类似于NSMutableDictionary ,以 哈希算法 管理。有自动清理机制，当缓存到memory时，如果memory空间不够，则会自动删除memory中当前界面不使用的空间。SDWebImage 中的图片缓存 在memory上使用的是 NSCache,在disk 是则用到的是 NSFileManager。AFNetWorking 的图片缓存，在在memory上使用的是 NSCache，没有磁盘缓存。
接下来 通过源码 来 对比 AFNetWorking 和 SDWebImage 图片缓存
AFNetWorking 最新版：（2015-07-28 ）
UIImageView+AFNetworking.m
- (void)setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url {
[self setImageWithURL:url placeholderImage:nil];
}
- (void)setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url
placeholderImage:(UIImage *)placeholderImage
{
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
[request addValue:@"image/*" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Accept"];
[self setImageWithURLRequest:request placeholderImage:placeholderImage success:nil failure:nil];
}
- (void)setImageWithURLRequest:(NSURLRequest *)urlRequest
placeholderImage:(UIImage *)placeholderImage
success:(void (^)(NSURLRequest *request, NSHTTPURLResponse *response, UIImage *image))success
failure:(void (^)(NSURLRequest *request, NSHTTPURLResponse *response, NSError *error))failure
{
[self cancelImageRequestOperation];
<span style="color:#ff0000;">UIImage *cachedImage = [[[self class] sharedImageCache] cachedImageForRequest:urlRequest];</span>
if (cachedImage) {
if (success) {
success(nil, nil, cachedImage);
} else {
self.image = cachedImage;
}
self.af_imageRequestOperation = nil;
} else {
if (placeholderImage) {
self.image = placeholderImage;
}
__weak __typeof(self)weakSelf = self;
self.af_imageRequestOperation = [[AFHTTPRequestOperation alloc] initWithRequest:urlRequest];
self.af_imageRequestOperation.responseSerializer = self.imageResponseSerializer;
[self.af_imageRequestOperation setCompletionBlockWithSuccess:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
__strong __typeof(weakSelf)strongSelf = weakSelf;
if ([[urlRequest URL] isEqual:[strongSelf.af_imageRequestOperation.request URL]]) {
if (success) {
success(urlRequest, operation.response, responseObject);
} else if (responseObject) {
strongSelf.image = responseObject;
}
if (operation == strongSelf.af_imageRequestOperation){
strongSelf.af_imageRequestOperation = nil;
}
}
[[[strongSelf class] sharedImageCache] cacheImage:responseObject forRequest:urlRequest];
} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
__strong __typeof(weakSelf)strongSelf = weakSelf;
if ([[urlRequest URL] isEqual:[strongSelf.af_imageRequestOperation.request URL]]) {
if (failure) {
failure(urlRequest, operation.response, error);
}
if (operation == strongSelf.af_imageRequestOperation){
strongSelf.af_imageRequestOperation = nil;
}
}
}];
[[[self class] af_sharedImageRequestOperationQueue] addOperation:self.af_imageRequestOperation];
}
}
UIImage *cachedImage = [[[selfclass] sharedImageCache]cachedImageForRequest:urlRequest];
这句即是查找缓存，那么我们到 AFImageCache 中来看看：
@interface AFImageCache : NSCache <AFImageCache>
@end可见 AFImageCache 继承自NSCache. 所以 AFNetWorking 在memory中的缓存使用了（cocoa kit提供的）NSCache。
如果 没有找到memory中的图片 就开始使用：
self.af_imageRequestOperation = [[AFHTTPRequestOperation alloc] initWithRequest:urlRequest];
self.af_imageRequestOperation.responseSerializer = self.imageResponseSerializer;
开始网络请求。再来看看 这个 AFHTTPRequestOperation
@interface AFHTTPRequestOperation : AFURLConnectionOperation@interface AFURLConnectionOperation : NSOperation <NSURLConnectionDelegate, NSURLConnectionDataDelegate, NSSecureCoding, NSCopying>
@interface AFURLConnectionOperation ()
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, assign) AFOperationState state;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, strong) NSRecursiveLock *lock;
<span style="color:#ff0000;">@property (readwrite, nonatomic, strong) NSURLConnection *connection;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, strong) NSURLRequest *request;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, strong) NSURLResponse *response;</span>
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, strong) NSError *error;
@property (readwrite, nonatomic, strong) NSData *responseData;
来看看 initWithRequest 这个方法，到底 AFNetWorking 是使没使用 NSURLCache 缓存。
- (instancetype)initWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)urlRequest {
NSParameterAssert(urlRequest);
self = [super init];
if (!self) {
return nil;
}
_state = AFOperationReadyState;
self.lock = [[NSRecursiveLock alloc] init];
self.lock.name = kAFNetworkingLockName;
self.runLoopModes = [NSSet setWithObject:NSRunLoopCommonModes];
self.request = urlRequest;
self.shouldUseCredentialStorage = YES;
self.securityPolicy = [AFSecurityPolicy defaultPolicy];
return self;
}
没有。根本就没有使用 NSURLCache 。再看看 最后获取图片data 完成后进行了什么操作：
[self.af_imageRequestOperation setCompletionBlockWithSuccess:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) {
__strong __typeof(weakSelf)strongSelf = weakSelf;
if ([[urlRequest URL] isEqual:[strongSelf.af_imageRequestOperation.request URL]]) {
if (success) {
success(urlRequest, operation.response, responseObject);
} else if (responseObject) {
strongSelf.image = responseObject;
}
if (operation == strongSelf.af_imageRequestOperation){
strongSelf.af_imageRequestOperation = nil;
}
}
<span style="color:#ff0000;"> [[[strongSelf class] sharedImageCache] cacheImage:responseObject forRequest:urlRequest];</span>
} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) {
__strong __typeof(weakSelf)strongSelf = weakSelf;
if ([[urlRequest URL] isEqual:[strongSelf.af_imageRequestOperation.request URL]]) {
if (failure) {
failure(urlRequest, operation.response, error);
}
if (operation == strongSelf.af_imageRequestOperation){
strongSelf.af_imageRequestOperation = nil;
}
}
}];
使用
[[[strongSelf class]sharedImageCache] cacheImage:responseObjectforRequest:urlRequest];
本质上 就是使用NSCache 在memory上进行缓存。
看看 SDWebImage 的图片缓存：
在 UIImageView+WebCache.m
- (void)sd_setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url {
[self sd_setImageWithURL:url placeholderImage:nil options:0 progress:nil completed:nil];
}
- (void)sd_setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url placeholderImage:(UIImage *)placeholder {
[self sd_setImageWithURL:url placeholderImage:placeholder options:0 progress:nil completed:nil];
}
/**
* Andrew Zhang add
*/
- (void)sd_setVedioImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url placeholderImage:(UIImage *)placeholder{
[self sd_setVedioImageWithURL:url placeholderImage:placeholder options:0 progress:nil completed:nil];
}
- (void)sd_setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url placeholderImage:(UIImage *)placeholder options:(SDWebImageOptions)options {
[self sd_setImageWithURL:url placeholderImage:placeholder options:options progress:nil completed:nil];
}
- (void)sd_setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url completed:(SDWebImageCompletionBlock)completedBlock {
[self sd_setImageWithURL:url placeholderImage:nil options:0 progress:nil completed:completedBlock];
}
- (void)sd_setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url placeholderImage:(UIImage *)placeholder completed:(SDWebImageCompletionBlock)completedBlock {
[self sd_setImageWithURL:url placeholderImage:placeholder options:0 progress:nil completed:completedBlock];
}
- (void)sd_setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url placeholderImage:(UIImage *)placeholder options:(SDWebImageOptions)options completed:(SDWebImageCompletionBlock)completedBlock {
[self sd_setImageWithURL:url placeholderImage:placeholder options:options progress:nil completed:completedBlock];
}
- (void)sd_setImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url placeholderImage:(UIImage *)placeholder options:(SDWebImageOptions)options progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock completed:(SDWebImageCompletionBlock)completedBlock {
[self sd_cancelCurrentImageLoad];
objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &imageURLKey, url, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
if (!(options & SDWebImageDelayPlaceholder)) {
dispatch_main_async_safe(^{
self.image = placeholder;
});
}
if (url) {
__weak UIImageView *wself = self;
<span style="color:#ff0000;"> id <SDWebImageOperation> operation = [SDWebImageManager.sharedManager downloadImageWithURL:url options:options progress:progressBlock completed:^(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL *imageURL) </span>{
if (!wself) return;
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
if (!wself) return;
if (image) {
wself.image = image;
[wself setNeedsLayout];
} else {
if ((options & SDWebImageDelayPlaceholder)) {
wself.image = placeholder;
[wself setNeedsLayout];
}
}
if (completedBlock && finished) {
completedBlock(image, error, cacheType, url);
}
});
}];
[self sd_setImageLoadOperation:operation forKey:@"UIImageViewImageLoad"];
} else {
dispatch_main_async_safe(^{
NSError *error = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"SDWebImageErrorDomain" code:-1 userInfo:@{NSLocalizedDescriptionKey : @"Trying to load a nil url"}];
if (completedBlock) {
completedBlock(nil, error, SDImageCacheTypeNone, url);
}
});
}
}使用了 id < SDWebImageOperation > operation = [ SDWebImageManager . sharedManager downloadImageWithURL :url options :options progress :progressBlock completed :^( UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL *imageURL) 来进行图片下载，接着我们去看看 这个方法怎么实现的。
- (id <SDWebImageOperation>)downloadImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url
options:(SDWebImageOptions)options
progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock
completed:(SDWebImageCompletionWithFinishedBlock)completedBlock {
// Invoking this method without a completedBlock is pointless
NSAssert(completedBlock != nil, @"If you mean to prefetch the image, use -[SDWebImagePrefetcher prefetchURLs] instead");
// Very common mistake is to send the URL using NSString object instead of NSURL. For some strange reason, XCode won't
// throw any warning for this type mismatch. Here we failsafe this error by allowing URLs to be passed as NSString.
if ([url isKindOfClass:NSString.class]) {
url = [NSURL URLWithString:(NSString *)url];
}
// Prevents app crashing on argument type error like sending NSNull instead of NSURL
if (![url isKindOfClass:NSURL.class]) {
url = nil;
}
__block SDWebImageCombinedOperation *operation = [SDWebImageCombinedOperation new];
__weak SDWebImageCombinedOperation *weakOperation = operation;
BOOL isFailedUrl = NO;
@synchronized (self.failedURLs) {
isFailedUrl = [self.failedURLs containsObject:url];
}
if (!url || (!(options & SDWebImageRetryFailed) && isFailedUrl)) {
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
NSError *error = [NSError errorWithDomain:NSURLErrorDomain code:NSURLErrorFileDoesNotExist userInfo:nil];
completedBlock(nil, error, SDImageCacheTypeNone, YES, url);
});
return operation;
}
@synchronized (self.runningOperations) {
[self.runningOperations addObject:operation];
}
NSString *key = [self cacheKeyForURL:url];
<span style="color:#ff0000;">operation.cacheOperation = [self.imageCache queryDiskCacheForKey:key done:^(UIImage *image, SDImageCacheType cacheType) {</span>
if (operation.isCancelled) {
@synchronized (self.runningOperations) {
[self.runningOperations removeObject:operation];
}
return;
}
if ((!image || options & SDWebImageRefreshCached) && (![self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(imageManager:shouldDownloadImageForURL:)] || [self.delegate imageManager:self shouldDownloadImageForURL:url])) {
if (image && options & SDWebImageRefreshCached) {
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
// If image was found in the cache bug SDWebImageRefreshCached is provided, notify about the cached image
// AND try to re-download it in order to let a chance to NSURLCache to refresh it from server.
completedBlock(image, nil, cacheType, YES, url);
});
}
// download if no image or requested to refresh anyway, and download allowed by delegate
SDWebImageDownloaderOptions downloaderOptions = 0;
if (options & SDWebImageLowPriority) downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderLowPriority;
if (options & SDWebImageProgressiveDownload) downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderProgressiveDownload;
if (options & SDWebImageRefreshCached) downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderUseNSURLCache;
if (options & SDWebImageContinueInBackground) downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderContinueInBackground;
if (options & SDWebImageHandleCookies) downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderHandleCookies;
if (options & SDWebImageAllowInvalidSSLCertificates) downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderAllowInvalidSSLCertificates;
if (options & SDWebImageHighPriority) downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderHighPriority;
if (image && options & SDWebImageRefreshCached) {
// force progressive off if image already cached but forced refreshing
downloaderOptions &= ~SDWebImageDownloaderProgressiveDownload;
// ignore image read from NSURLCache if image if cached but force refreshing
downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderIgnoreCachedResponse;
}
id <SDWebImageOperation> subOperation = [self.imageDownloader downloadImageWithURL:url options:downloaderOptions progress:progressBlock completed:^(UIImage *downloadedImage, NSData *data, NSError *error, BOOL finished) {
if (weakOperation.isCancelled) {
// Do nothing if the operation was cancelled
// See #699 for more details
// if we would call the completedBlock, there could be a race condition between this block and another completedBlock for the same object, so if this one is called second, we will overwrite the new data
}
else if (error) {
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
if (!weakOperation.isCancelled) {
completedBlock(nil, error, SDImageCacheTypeNone, finished, url);
}
});
if (error.code != NSURLErrorNotConnectedToInternet && error.code != NSURLErrorCancelled && error.code != NSURLErrorTimedOut) {
@synchronized (self.failedURLs) {
if (![self.failedURLs containsObject:url]) {
[self.failedURLs addObject:url];
}
}
}
}
else {
BOOL cacheOnDisk = !(options & SDWebImageCacheMemoryOnly);
if (options & SDWebImageRefreshCached && image && !downloadedImage) {
// Image refresh hit the NSURLCache cache, do not call the completion block
}
else if (downloadedImage && (!downloadedImage.images || (options & SDWebImageTransformAnimatedImage)) && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(imageManager:transformDownloadedImage:withURL:)]) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_HIGH, 0), ^{
UIImage *transformedImage = [self.delegate imageManager:self transformDownloadedImage:downloadedImage withURL:url];
if (transformedImage && finished) {
BOOL imageWasTransformed = ![transformedImage isEqual:downloadedImage];
<span style="color:#ff0000;"> [self.imageCache storeImage:transformedImage recalculateFromImage:imageWasTransformed imageData:data forKey:key toDisk:cacheOnDisk];</span>
}
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
if (!weakOperation.isCancelled) {
completedBlock(transformedImage, nil, SDImageCacheTypeNone, finished, url);
}
});
});
}
else {
if (downloadedImage && finished) {
[self.imageCache storeImage:downloadedImage recalculateFromImage:NO imageData:data forKey:key toDisk:cacheOnDisk];
}
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
if (!weakOperation.isCancelled) {
completedBlock(downloadedImage, nil, SDImageCacheTypeNone, finished, url);
}
});
}
}
if (finished) {
@synchronized (self.runningOperations) {
[self.runningOperations removeObject:operation];
}
}
}];
operation.cancelBlock = ^{
[subOperation cancel];
@synchronized (self.runningOperations) {
[self.runningOperations removeObject:weakOperation];
}
};
}
<span style="color:#ff0000;"> else if (image) {
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
if (!weakOperation.isCancelled) {
completedBlock(image, nil, cacheType, YES, url);
}
});
@synchronized (self.runningOperations) {
[self.runningOperations removeObject:operation];
}
}</span>
else {
// Image not in cache and download disallowed by delegate
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
if (!weakOperation.isCancelled) {
completedBlock(nil, nil, SDImageCacheTypeNone, YES, url);
}
});
@synchronized (self.runningOperations) {
[self.runningOperations removeObject:operation];
}
}
}];
return operation;
}
在 这个实现方法中，可以看到，首先使用：
operation.cacheOperation = [self.imageCachequeryDiskCacheForKey:key done:^(UIImage *image,SDImageCacheType cacheType) 去查询本地磁盘上和memory上是否存在图片。到内部去看看：
- (NSOperation *)queryDiskCacheForKey:(NSString *)key done:(SDWebImageQueryCompletedBlock)doneBlock {
if (!doneBlock) {
return nil;
}
if (!key) {
doneBlock(nil, SDImageCacheTypeNone);
return nil;
}
<span style="color:#ff0000;">// First check the in-memory cache...
UIImage *image = [self imageFromMemoryCacheForKey:key];</span>
if (image) {
doneBlock(image, SDImageCacheTypeMemory);
return nil;
}
NSOperation *operation = [NSOperation new];
dispatch_async(self.ioQueue, ^{
if (operation.isCancelled) {
return;
}
@autoreleasepool {
<span style="color:#ff0000;">UIImage *diskImage = [self diskImageForKey:key];
if (diskImage) {
CGFloat cost = diskImage.size.height * diskImage.size.width * diskImage.scale * diskImage.scale;
[self.memCache setObject:diskImage forKey:key cost:cost];
}
</span>
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
doneBlock(diskImage, SDImageCacheTypeDisk);
});
}
});
return operation;
}
这个方法是先去 查询memory上是否命中，如果命中 直接返回图片，如果没有，则再去查找本地磁盘是否有缓存。
好了，再看看，如果memory 和 本地磁盘上都没有图片缓存 SDWebImage是怎么做的？
if ((!image || options & SDWebImageRefreshCached) && (![self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(imageManager:shouldDownloadImageForURL:)] || [self.delegate imageManager:self shouldDownloadImageForURL:url])) {
if (image && options & SDWebImageRefreshCached) {
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
// If image was found in the cache bug SDWebImageRefreshCached is provided, notify about the cached image
// AND try to re-download it in order to let a chance to NSURLCache to refresh it from server.
completedBlock(image, nil, cacheType, YES, url);
});
}
// download if no image or requested to refresh anyway, and download allowed by delegate
SDWebImageDownloaderOptions downloaderOptions = 0;
if (options & SDWebImageLowPriority) downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderLowPriority;
if (options & SDWebImageProgressiveDownload) downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderProgressiveDownload;
if (options & SDWebImageRefreshCached) downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderUseNSURLCache;
if (options & SDWebImageContinueInBackground) downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderContinueInBackground;
if (options & SDWebImageHandleCookies) downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderHandleCookies;
if (options & SDWebImageAllowInvalidSSLCertificates) downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderAllowInvalidSSLCertificates;
if (options & SDWebImageHighPriority) downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderHighPriority;
if (image && options & SDWebImageRefreshCached) {
// force progressive off if image already cached but forced refreshing
downloaderOptions &= ~SDWebImageDownloaderProgressiveDownload;
// ignore image read from NSURLCache if image if cached but force refreshing
downloaderOptions |= SDWebImageDownloaderIgnoreCachedResponse;
}
<span style="color:#ff0000;">id <SDWebImageOperation> subOperation = [self.imageDownloader downloadImageWithURL:url options:downloaderOptions progress:progressBlock completed:^(UIImage *downloadedImage, NSData *data, NSError *error, BOOL finished)</span> {
if (weakOperation.isCancelled) {
// Do nothing if the operation was cancelled
// See #699 for more details
// if we would call the completedBlock, there could be a race condition between this block and another completedBlock for the same object, so if this one is called second, we will overwrite the new data
}
else if (error) {
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
if (!weakOperation.isCancelled) {
completedBlock(nil, error, SDImageCacheTypeNone, finished, url);
}
});
if (error.code != NSURLErrorNotConnectedToInternet && error.code != NSURLErrorCancelled && error.code != NSURLErrorTimedOut) {
@synchronized (self.failedURLs) {
if (![self.failedURLs containsObject:url]) {
[self.failedURLs addObject:url];
}
}
}
}
else {
BOOL cacheOnDisk = !(options & SDWebImageCacheMemoryOnly);
if (options & SDWebImageRefreshCached && image && !downloadedImage) {
// Image refresh hit the NSURLCache cache, do not call the completion block
}
else if (downloadedImage && (!downloadedImage.images || (options & SDWebImageTransformAnimatedImage)) && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(imageManager:transformDownloadedImage:withURL:)]) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_HIGH, 0), ^{
UIImage *transformedImage = [self.delegate imageManager:self transformDownloadedImage:downloadedImage withURL:url];
<span style="color:#ff0000;"> if (transformedImage && finished) {
BOOL imageWasTransformed = ![transformedImage isEqual:downloadedImage];
[self.imageCache storeImage:transformedImage recalculateFromImage:imageWasTransformed imageData:data forKey:key toDisk:cacheOnDisk];
}</span>
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
if (!weakOperation.isCancelled) {
completedBlock(transformedImage, nil, SDImageCacheTypeNone, finished, url);
}
});
});
}
else {
if (downloadedImage && finished) {
[self.imageCache storeImage:downloadedImage recalculateFromImage:NO imageData:data forKey:key toDisk:cacheOnDisk];
}
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
if (!weakOperation.isCancelled) {
completedBlock(downloadedImage, nil, SDImageCacheTypeNone, finished, url);
}
});
}
}
if (finished) {
@synchronized (self.runningOperations) {
[self.runningOperations removeObject:operation];
}
}
}];
使用
id <SDWebImageOperation> subOperation = [self.imageDownloaderdownloadImageWithURL:url options:downloaderOptionsprogress:progressBlock completed:^(UIImage *downloadedImage,NSData *data, NSError *error,BOOL finished) 子操作，来下载图片，到 SDWebImageDownloader.h 中看看具体的源码：
- (id <SDWebImageOperation>)downloadImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url options:(SDWebImageDownloaderOptions)options progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock completed:(SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock)completedBlock {
__block SDWebImageDownloaderOperation *operation;
__weak SDWebImageDownloader *wself = self;
[self addProgressCallback:progressBlock andCompletedBlock:completedBlock forURL:url createCallback:^{
NSTimeInterval timeoutInterval = wself.downloadTimeout;
if (timeoutInterval == 0.0) {
timeoutInterval = 15.0;
}
// In order to prevent from potential duplicate caching (NSURLCache + SDImageCache) we disable the cache for image requests if told otherwise
<span style="color:#ff0000;"> NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:url cachePolicy:(options & SDWebImageDownloaderUseNSURLCache ? NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy : NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalCacheData) timeoutInterval:timeoutInterval];</span>
request.HTTPShouldHandleCookies = (options & SDWebImageDownloaderHandleCookies);
request.HTTPShouldUsePipelining = YES;
if (wself.headersFilter) {
request.allHTTPHeaderFields = wself.headersFilter(url, [wself.HTTPHeaders copy]);
}
else {
request.allHTTPHeaderFields = wself.HTTPHeaders;
}
<span style="color:#ff0000;">operation = [[wself.operationClass alloc] initWithRequest:request
options:options
progress:^(NSInteger receivedSize, NSInteger expectedSize)</span> {
SDWebImageDownloader *sself = wself;
if (!sself) return;
NSArray *callbacksForURL = [sself callbacksForURL:url];
for (NSDictionary *callbacks in callbacksForURL) {
SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock callback = callbacks[kProgressCallbackKey];
if (callback) callback(receivedSize, expectedSize);
}
}
completed:^(UIImage *image, NSData *data, NSError *error, BOOL finished) {
SDWebImageDownloader *sself = wself;
if (!sself) return;
NSArray *callbacksForURL = [sself callbacksForURL:url];
if (finished) {
[sself removeCallbacksForURL:url];
}
for (NSDictionary *callbacks in callbacksForURL) {
SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock callback = callbacks[kCompletedCallbackKey];
if (callback) callback(image, data, error, finished);
}
}
cancelled:^{
SDWebImageDownloader *sself = wself;
if (!sself) return;
[sself removeCallbacksForURL:url];
}];
if (wself.username && wself.password) {
operation.credential = [NSURLCredential credentialWithUser:wself.username password:wself.password persistence:NSURLCredentialPersistenceForSession];
}
if (options & SDWebImageDownloaderHighPriority) {
operation.queuePriority = NSOperationQueuePriorityHigh;
} else if (options & SDWebImageDownloaderLowPriority) {
operation.queuePriority = NSOperationQueuePriorityLow;
}
[wself.downloadQueue addOperation:operation];
if (wself.executionOrder == SDWebImageDownloaderLIFOExecutionOrder) {
// Emulate LIFO execution order by systematically adding new operations as last operation's dependency
[wself.lastAddedOperation addDependency:operation];
wself.lastAddedOperation = operation;
}
}];
return operation;
}
注意：这句 NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequestalloc] initWithURL:urlcachePolicy:(options & SDWebImageDownloaderUseNSURLCache ?NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy :NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalCacheData)timeoutInterval:timeoutInterval];
可见默认使用了带缓存的网络请求。
然后 将 request使用
operation = [[wself.operationClassalloc] initWithRequest:request
options:options
progress:^(NSInteger receivedSize,NSInteger expectedSize)
进行请求。
SDWebImageDownloaderOperation.m 中 来看看 具体是怎么请求的？
- (id)initWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
options:(SDWebImageDownloaderOptions)options
progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock
completed:(SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock)completedBlock
cancelled:(SDWebImageNoParamsBlock)cancelBlock {
if ((self = [super init])) {
_request = request;
_shouldUseCredentialStorage = YES;
_options = options;
_progressBlock = [progressBlock copy];
_completedBlock = [completedBlock copy];
_cancelBlock = [cancelBlock copy];
_executing = NO;
_finished = NO;
_expectedSize = 0;
responseFromCached = YES; // Initially wrong until `connection:willCacheResponse:` is called or not called
}
return self;
}
#pragma mark NSURLConnection (delegate)
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response {
//'304 Not Modified' is an exceptional one
if ((![response respondsToSelector:@selector(statusCode)] || [((NSHTTPURLResponse *)response) statusCode] < 400) && [((NSHTTPURLResponse *)response) statusCode] != 304) {
NSInteger expected = response.expectedContentLength > 0 ? (NSInteger)response.expectedContentLength : 0;
self.expectedSize = expected;
if (self.progressBlock) {
self.progressBlock(0, expected);
}
self.imageData = [[NSMutableData alloc] initWithCapacity:expected];
}
else {
NSUInteger code = [((NSHTTPURLResponse *)response) statusCode];
//This is the case when server returns '304 Not Modified'. It means that remote image is not changed.
//In case of 304 we need just cancel the operation and return cached image from the cache.
if (code == 304) {
[self cancelInternal];
} else {
[self.connection cancel];
}
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:SDWebImageDownloadStopNotification object:nil];
});
if (self.completedBlock) {
self.completedBlock(nil, nil, [NSError errorWithDomain:NSURLErrorDomain code:[((NSHTTPURLResponse *)response) statusCode] userInfo:nil], YES);
}
CFRunLoopStop(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
[self done];
}
}
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data {
[self.imageData appendData:data];
if ((self.options & SDWebImageDownloaderProgressiveDownload) && self.expectedSize > 0 && self.completedBlock) {
// The following code is from http://www.cocoaintheshell.com/2011/05/progressive-images-download-imageio/
// Thanks to the author @Nyx0uf
// Get the total bytes downloaded
const NSInteger totalSize = self.imageData.length;
// Update the data source, we must pass ALL the data, not just the new bytes
CGImageSourceRef imageSource = CGImageSourceCreateWithData((__bridge CFDataRef)self.imageData, NULL);
if (width + height == 0) {
CFDictionaryRef properties = CGImageSourceCopyPropertiesAtIndex(imageSource, 0, NULL);
if (properties) {
NSInteger orientationValue = -1;
CFTypeRef val = CFDictionaryGetValue(properties, kCGImagePropertyPixelHeight);
if (val) CFNumberGetValue(val, kCFNumberLongType, &height);
val = CFDictionaryGetValue(properties, kCGImagePropertyPixelWidth);
if (val) CFNumberGetValue(val, kCFNumberLongType, &width);
val = CFDictionaryGetValue(properties, kCGImagePropertyOrientation);
if (val) CFNumberGetValue(val, kCFNumberNSIntegerType, &orientationValue);
CFRelease(properties);
// When we draw to Core Graphics, we lose orientation information,
// which means the image below born of initWithCGIImage will be
// oriented incorrectly sometimes. (Unlike the image born of initWithData
// in connectionDidFinishLoading.) So save it here and pass it on later.
orientation = [[self class] orientationFromPropertyValue:(orientationValue == -1 ? 1 : orientationValue)];
}
}
if (width + height > 0 && totalSize < self.expectedSize) {
// Create the image
CGImageRef partialImageRef = CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex(imageSource, 0, NULL);
#ifdef TARGET_OS_IPHONE
// Workaround for iOS anamorphic image
if (partialImageRef) {
const size_t partialHeight = CGImageGetHeight(partialImageRef);
CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();
CGContextRef bmContext = CGBitmapContextCreate(NULL, width, height, 8, width * 4, colorSpace, kCGBitmapByteOrderDefault | kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedFirst);
CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace);
if (bmContext) {
CGContextDrawImage(bmContext, (CGRect){.origin.x = 0.0f, .origin.y = 0.0f, .size.width = width, .size.height = partialHeight}, partialImageRef);
CGImageRelease(partialImageRef);
partialImageRef = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(bmContext);
CGContextRelease(bmContext);
}
else {
CGImageRelease(partialImageRef);
partialImageRef = nil;
}
}
#endif
if (partialImageRef) {
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:partialImageRef scale:1 orientation:orientation];
NSString *key = [[SDWebImageManager sharedManager] cacheKeyForURL:self.request.URL];
UIImage *scaledImage = [self scaledImageForKey:key image:image];
image = [UIImage decodedImageWithImage:scaledImage];
CGImageRelease(partialImageRef);
dispatch_main_sync_safe(^{
if (self.completedBlock) {
self.completedBlock(image, nil, nil, NO);
}
});
}
}
CFRelease(imageSource);
}
if (self.progressBlock) {
self.progressBlock(self.imageData.length, self.expectedSize);
}
}
+ (UIImageOrientation)orientationFromPropertyValue:(NSInteger)value {
switch (value) {
case 1:
return UIImageOrientationUp;
case 3:
return UIImageOrientationDown;
case 8:
return UIImageOrientationLeft;
case 6:
return UIImageOrientationRight;
case 2:
return UIImageOrientationUpMirrored;
case 4:
return UIImageOrientationDownMirrored;
case 5:
return UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored;
case 7:
return UIImageOrientationRightMirrored;
default:
return UIImageOrientationUp;
}
}
- (UIImage *)scaledImageForKey:(NSString *)key image:(UIImage *)image {
return SDScaledImageForKey(key, image);
}
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)aConnection {
SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock completionBlock = self.completedBlock;
@synchronized(self) {
CFRunLoopStop(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
self.thread = nil;
self.connection = nil;
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:SDWebImageDownloadStopNotification object:nil];
});
}
<span style="color:#ff0000;">if (![[NSURLCache sharedURLCache] cachedResponseForRequest:_request]) {
responseFromCached = NO;
}</span>
if (completionBlock) {
if (self.options & SDWebImageDownloaderIgnoreCachedResponse && responseFromCached) {
completionBlock(nil, nil, nil, YES);
}
else {
UIImage *image = [UIImage sd_imageWithData:self.imageData];
NSString *key = [[SDWebImageManager sharedManager] cacheKeyForURL:self.request.URL];
image = [self scaledImageForKey:key image:image];
// Do not force decoding animated GIFs
if (!image.images) {
image = [UIImage decodedImageWithImage:image];
}
if (CGSizeEqualToSize(image.size, CGSizeZero)) {
completionBlock(nil, nil, [NSError errorWithDomain:@"SDWebImageErrorDomain" code:0 userInfo:@{NSLocalizedDescriptionKey : @"Downloaded image has 0 pixels"}], YES);
}
else {
completionBlock(image, self.imageData, nil, YES);
}
}
}
self.completionBlock = nil;
[self done];
}
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error {
@synchronized(self) {
CFRunLoopStop(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
self.thread = nil;
self.connection = nil;
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:SDWebImageDownloadStopNotification object:nil];
});
}
if (self.completedBlock) {
self.completedBlock(nil, nil, error, YES);
}
self.completionBlock = nil;
[self done];
}
- (NSCachedURLResponse *)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection willCacheResponse:(NSCachedURLResponse *)cachedResponse {
responseFromCached = NO; // If this method is called, it means the response wasn't read from cache
if (self.request.cachePolicy == NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalCacheData) {
// Prevents caching of responses
return nil;
}
else {
return cachedResponse;
}
}
依然使用最基本的 NSURLConnection 进行网络请求。但是注意 在
- (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)aConnection 方法中：
if (![[NSURLCachesharedURLCache] cachedResponseForRequest:_request]) {
responseFromCached =NO;
}
并且：
- (NSCachedURLResponse *)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection willCacheResponse:(NSCachedURLResponse *)cachedResponse {
responseFromCached = NO; // If this method is called, it means the response wasn't read from cache
if (self.request.cachePolicy == NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalCacheData) {
// Prevents caching of responses
return nil;
}
else {
return cachedResponse;
}
}
可以看到 SDWebImage 使用了 NSURLCache 进行网络请求缓存。
回到最开始 ，假设图片下载完成了，SDWebImage 又做了什么事情呢？
if (transformedImage && finished) {
BOOL imageWasTransformed = ![transformedImage isEqual:downloadedImage];
[self.imageCache storeImage:transformedImage recalculateFromImage:imageWasTransformed imageData:data forKey:key toDisk:cacheOnDisk];
}
使用
[self.imageCache storeImage:transformedImage recalculateFromImage:imageWasTransformed imageData:data forKey:key toDisk:cacheOnDisk];
- (void)storeImage:(UIImage *)image recalculateFromImage:(BOOL)recalculate imageData:(NSData *)imageData forKey:(NSString *)key toDisk:(BOOL)toDisk {
if (!image || !key) {
return;
}
<span style="color:#ff0000;"> [self.memCache setObject:image forKey:key cost:image.size.height * image.size.width * image.scale * image.scale];</span>
if (toDisk) {
dispatch_async(self.ioQueue, ^{
NSData *data = imageData;
if (image && (recalculate || !data)) {
#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE
// We need to determine if the image is a PNG or a JPEG
// PNGs are easier to detect because they have a unique signature (http://www.w3.org/TR/PNG-Structure.html)
// The first eight bytes of a PNG file always contain the following (decimal) values:
// 137 80 78 71 13 10 26 10
// We assume the image is PNG, in case the imageData is nil (i.e. if trying to save a UIImage directly),
// we will consider it PNG to avoid loosing the transparency
BOOL imageIsPng = YES;
// But if we have an image data, we will look at the preffix
if ([imageData length] >= [kPNGSignatureData length]) {
imageIsPng = ImageDataHasPNGPreffix(imageData);
}
if (imageIsPng) {
data = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image);
}
else {
data = UIImageJPEGRepresentation(image, (CGFloat)1.0);
}
#else
data = [NSBitmapImageRep representationOfImageRepsInArray:image.representations usingType: NSJPEGFileType properties:nil];
#endif
}
if (data) {
<span style="color:#ff0000;"> if (![_fileManager fileExistsAtPath:_diskCachePath]) {
[_fileManager createDirectoryAtPath:_diskCachePath withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:NULL];
}
[_fileManager createFileAtPath:[self defaultCachePathForKey:key] contents:data attributes:nil];</span>
}
});
}
}可见，先使用NSCache 缓存到memory上，然后 使用 NSFileManager 将图片数据（注意：依旧是 UIImage类型，而不是NSData类型）写入到本地磁盘路径。
综上所述：
得出如下结论：
UIImageView+AFNetworking 的图片缓存，并没有本地磁盘缓存，且网络请求图片中并未使用NSURLCache，来进行网络请求缓存。只是使用了NSCache 在memory上进行缓存。由于只是在memory上缓存了，所以当app从内存中退出后，重新打开app，每次都会重新对图片进行网络请求。
SDWebImage 的图片缓存，不仅使用了NSCache 在memory上进行缓存，而且还使用了NSFileManager在本地磁盘上进行缓存。同时在 使用NSURLConnection 时，使用了NSURLCache进行网络请求缓存（这样有什么好处？1: 当一次图片请求因某种原因中途断开，下次请求时，可以直接从NSURLCache获取之前请求的一部分数据，接着请求余下的数据即可。2:当缓存策略不同时，比如：每次都请求，不缓存。那么这时候，只要第一次进行了NSURLConnection，以后都可以直接从NSURLCache 获取数据。）
由此，可知：SDWebImage 在图片缓存上比UIImageView+AFNetworking 有着明显的优势，如果对于一款app在图片上的性能优化，推荐使用 SDWebImage 来替代其他框架。这样可以节省用户很多的流量。
－－－－－－－－－－－下面转载几篇关于 NSURLCache的文章－－－－－－－－－－－
1:NSURLCache 为您的应用的 URL 请求提供了内存中以及磁盘上的综合缓存机制。 作为基础类库 URL 加载系统 的一部分，任何通过 NSURLConnection 加载的请求都将被 NSURLCache 处理。
网络缓存减少了需要向服务器发送请求的次数，同时也提升了离线或在低速网络中使用应用的体验。
当一个请求完成下载来自服务器的回应，一个缓存的回应将在本地保存。下一次同一个请求再发起时，本地保存的回应就会马上返回，不需要连接服务器。NSURLCache 会 自动 且 透明 地返回回应。
为了好好利用 NSURLCache，你需要初始化并设置一个共享的 URL 缓存。在 iOS 中这项工作需要在 -application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions: 完成，而 Mac OS X 中是在 –applicationDidFinishLaunching:：
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application
didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
{
NSURLCache *URLCache = [[NSURLCache alloc] initWithMemoryCapacity:4 * 1024 * 1024
diskCapacity:20 * 1024 * 1024
diskPath:nil];
[NSURLCache setSharedURLCache:URLCache];
}
缓存策略由请求（客户端）和回应（服务端）分别指定。理解这些策略以及它们如何相互影响，是为您的应用程序找到最佳行为的关键。
NSURLRequestCachePolicy
NSURLRequest 有个 cachePolicy 属性，它根据以下常量指定了请求的缓存行为：
NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy： 对特定的 URL 请求使用网络协议中实现的缓存逻辑。这是默认的策略。NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalCacheData：数据需要从原始地址加载。不使用现有缓存。NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData：不仅忽略本地缓存，同时也忽略代理服务器或其他中间介质目前已有的、协议允许的缓存。NSURLRequestReturnCacheDataElseLoad：无论缓存是否过期，先使用本地缓存数据。如果缓存中没有请求所对应的数据，那么从原始地址加载数据。NSURLRequestReturnCacheDataDontLoad：无论缓存是否过期，先使用本地缓存数据。如果缓存中没有请求所对应的数据，那么放弃从原始地址加载数据，请求视为失败（即：“离线”模式）。NSURLRequestReloadRevalidatingCacheData：从原始地址确认缓存数据的合法性后，缓存数据就可以使用，否则从原始地址加载。
你并不会惊奇于这些值不被透彻理解且经常搞混淆。
NSURLRequestReloadIgnoringLocalAndRemoteCacheData 和 NSURLRequestReloadRevalidatingCacheData 根本没有实现（Link to Radar）更加加深了混乱程度！
关于NSURLRequestCachePolicy，以下才是你 实际 需要了解的东西：
| 常量 |
|---|
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