js编码解码decodeURI()与decodeURIComponent()的区别

1. 定义和用法

decodeURI() 函数可对 encodeURI() 函数编码过的 URI 进行解码。

decodeURIComponent() 函数可对 encodeURIComponent() 函数编码的 URI 进行解码。

从W3C的定义和用法来看，两者没有什么区别，但是两者的参数是有区别的：

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#8be9fd">decodeURI</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>URIstring<span style="color:#999999">)</span>        <span style="color:#6272a4">//URIstring    一个字符串，含有要解码的 URI 或其他要解码的文本。</span>

</code></span></span>

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#8be9fd">decodeURIComponent</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>URIstring<span style="color:#999999">)</span>       <span style="color:#6272a4">//URIstring   一个字符串，含有编码 URI 组件或其他要解码的文本。</span>

</code></span></span>

2.使用中区别用法

区别： decodeURIComponent() 可以编码和解码URI特殊字符（如#，/，￥等），而 decodeURI()则不能。

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#8be9fd">encodeURIComponent</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">'#'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#f1fa8c">"%23"</span>
<span style="color:#8be9fd">decodeURI</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">'%23'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#f1fa8c">"%23"</span>
<span style="color:#8be9fd">decodeURIComponent</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">'%23'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#f1fa8c">"#"</span>
<span style="color:#8be9fd">encodeURI</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">'#'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#f1fa8c">"#"</span>

</code></span></span>

可以看出 decodeURI()对URI的特殊字符是没有编码和解码能力的，实际项目中我们一般需要get请求的方式在地址栏中拼接一些参数，但是参数中如果出现#，/,&这些字符，就必须要用 decodeURIComponent() 了，不然这些特殊字符会导致我们接收参数的错误

假如我们要传一个code字段到http://www.xxx.com，值为20180711#abc

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#ff79c6">var</span> codeVal <span style="color:#6272a4">=</span> <span style="color:#8be9fd">encodeURI</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">'20180711#abc'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#ff79c6">var</span> url <span style="color:#6272a4">=</span> <span style="color:#f1fa8c">'http://www.xxx.com?code='</span> <span style="color:#6272a4">+</span> codeVal<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
console<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#8be9fd">log</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>url<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#f1fa8c">http</span><span style="color:#6272a4">:</span><span style="color:#6272a4">/</span><span style="color:#6272a4">/</span>www<span style="color:#999999">.</span>xxx<span style="color:#999999">.</span>com<span style="color:#6272a4">?</span>code<span style="color:#6272a4">=</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">20180711</span>#abc

</code></span></span>

http://www.xxx.com接收参数

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript"> location<span style="color:#999999">.</span>search  <span style="color:#6272a4">//"?code=20180711";</span>

</code></span></span>

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#8be9fd">decodeURI</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">"?code=20180711"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>  <span style="color:#6272a4">//"?code=20180711"</span>

</code></span></span>

这时候我们拿到的code参数明显是错误的，被特殊字符#截断了，下面我们来看用 decodeURIComponent() 方法：

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#ff79c6">var</span> codeVal <span style="color:#6272a4">=</span> <span style="color:#8be9fd">encodeURIComponent</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">'20180711#abc'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#ff79c6">var</span> url <span style="color:#6272a4">=</span> <span style="color:#f1fa8c">'http://www.baidu.com?code='</span> <span style="color:#6272a4">+</span> codeVal<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
url<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#f1fa8c">"http://www.baidu.com?code=20180711%23abc"</span>

</code></span></span>

http://www.xxx.com接收参数

<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript">location<span style="color:#999999">.</span>search  <span style="color:#6272a4">//"?code=20180711%23abc"</span>
<span style="color:#8be9fd">decodeURIComponent</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">"?code=20180711%23abc"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>  <span style="color:#6272a4">//"?code=20180711#abc"</span>

</code></span></span>

这样参数就正确了~