1. 定义和用法
decodeURI() 函数可对 encodeURI() 函数编码过的 URI 进行解码。
decodeURIComponent() 函数可对 encodeURIComponent() 函数编码的 URI 进行解码。
从W3C的定义和用法来看,两者没有什么区别,但是两者的参数是有区别的:
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#8be9fd">decodeURI</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>URIstring<span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#6272a4">//URIstring 一个字符串,含有要解码的 URI 或其他要解码的文本。</span>
</code></span></span>
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#8be9fd">decodeURIComponent</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>URIstring<span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#6272a4">//URIstring 一个字符串,含有编码 URI 组件或其他要解码的文本。</span>
</code></span></span>
2.使用中区别用法
区别: decodeURIComponent() 可以编码和解码URI特殊字符(如#,/,¥等),而 decodeURI()则不能。
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#8be9fd">encodeURIComponent</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">'#'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#f1fa8c">"%23"</span>
<span style="color:#8be9fd">decodeURI</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">'%23'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#f1fa8c">"%23"</span>
<span style="color:#8be9fd">decodeURIComponent</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">'%23'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#f1fa8c">"#"</span>
<span style="color:#8be9fd">encodeURI</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">'#'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span>
<span style="color:#f1fa8c">"#"</span>
</code></span></span>
可以看出 decodeURI()对URI的特殊字符是没有编码和解码能力的,实际项目中我们一般需要get请求的方式在地址栏中拼接一些参数,但是参数中如果出现#,/,&这些字符,就必须要用 decodeURIComponent() 了,不然这些特殊字符会导致我们接收参数的错误
假如我们要传一个code字段到http://www.xxx.com,值为20180711#abc
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#ff79c6">var</span> codeVal <span style="color:#6272a4">=</span> <span style="color:#8be9fd">encodeURI</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">'20180711#abc'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#ff79c6">var</span> url <span style="color:#6272a4">=</span> <span style="color:#f1fa8c">'http://www.xxx.com?code='</span> <span style="color:#6272a4">+</span> codeVal<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
console<span style="color:#999999">.</span><span style="color:#8be9fd">log</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span>url<span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#f1fa8c">http</span><span style="color:#6272a4">:</span><span style="color:#6272a4">/</span><span style="color:#6272a4">/</span>www<span style="color:#999999">.</span>xxx<span style="color:#999999">.</span>com<span style="color:#6272a4">?</span>code<span style="color:#6272a4">=</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">20180711</span>#abc
</code></span></span>
http://www.xxx.com接收参数
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript"> location<span style="color:#999999">.</span>search <span style="color:#6272a4">//"?code=20180711";</span>
</code></span></span>
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#8be9fd">decodeURI</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">"?code=20180711"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#6272a4">//"?code=20180711"</span>
</code></span></span>
这时候我们拿到的code参数明显是错误的,被特殊字符#截断了,下面我们来看用 decodeURIComponent() 方法:
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript"><span style="color:#ff79c6">var</span> codeVal <span style="color:#6272a4">=</span> <span style="color:#8be9fd">encodeURIComponent</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">'20180711#abc'</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span><span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#ff79c6">var</span> url <span style="color:#6272a4">=</span> <span style="color:#f1fa8c">'http://www.baidu.com?code='</span> <span style="color:#6272a4">+</span> codeVal<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
url<span style="color:#999999">;</span>
<span style="color:#f1fa8c">"http://www.baidu.com?code=20180711%23abc"</span>
</code></span></span>
http://www.xxx.com接收参数
<span style="color:#000000"><span style="background-color:#282a36"><code class="language-javascript">location<span style="color:#999999">.</span>search <span style="color:#6272a4">//"?code=20180711%23abc"</span>
<span style="color:#8be9fd">decodeURIComponent</span><span style="color:#999999">(</span><span style="color:#f1fa8c">"?code=20180711%23abc"</span><span style="color:#999999">)</span> <span style="color:#6272a4">//"?code=20180711#abc"</span>
</code></span></span>
这样参数就正确了~