多线程学习（八）-线程并发库里的其他类

1.Semaphore实现信号灯

• Semaphore可以维护当前访问自身的线程个数，并提供了同步机制。使用Semaphore可以控制同时访问资源的线程个数，例如，实现一个文件允许的并发访问数。

          Semaphore实现的功能就类似厕所有5个坑，假如有十个人要上厕所，那么同时能有多少个人去上厕所呢？同时只能有5个人能够占用，当5个人中的任何一个人让开后，其   中在等待的另外5个人中又有一个可以占用了。另外等待的5个人中可以是随机获得优先机会，也可以是按照先来后到的顺序获得机会，这取决于构造Semaphore对象时传入的参数选项。

• 单个信号量的Semaphore对象可以实现互斥锁的功能，并且可以是由一个线程获得了“锁”，再由另一个线程释放“锁”，这可应用于死锁恢复的一些场合。

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;

public class SemaphoreTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		final  Semaphore sp = new Semaphore(3);
		for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
			Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
					public void run(){
					try {
						sp.acquire();
					} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
						e1.printStackTrace();
					}
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
							"进入，当前已有" + (3-sp.availablePermits()) + "个并发");
					try {
						//Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*1000));
					} catch (Exception e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
							"即将离开");					
					sp.release();
					//下面代码有时候执行不准确，因为其没有和上面的代码合成原子单元
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
							"已离开，当前已有" + (3-sp.availablePermits()) + "个并发");					
				}
			};
			service.execute(runnable);			
		}
	}

}

                       

2.CyclicBarrier

  表示大家彼此等待，大家集合好后才开始出发，分散活动后又在指定地点集合碰面，这就好比整个公司的人员利用周末时间集体郊游一样，先各自从家出发到公司集合后，再同时出发到公园游玩，在指定地点集合后再同时开始就餐，…。

 

import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class CyclicBarrierTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		final  CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(3);
		for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
			Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
					public void run(){
					try {
						Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));	
						System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
								"即将到达集合地点1，当前已有" + (cb.getNumberWaiting()+1) + "个已经到达，" + (cb.getNumberWaiting()==2?"都到齐了，继续走啊":"正在等候"));						
						cb.await();
						
						Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));	
						System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
								"即将到达集合地点2，当前已有" + (cb.getNumberWaiting()+1) + "个已经到达，" + (cb.getNumberWaiting()==2?"都到齐了，继续走啊":"正在等候"));
						cb.await();	
						Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));	
						System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
								"即将到达集合地点3，当前已有" + (cb.getNumberWaiting() + 1) + "个已经到达，" + (cb.getNumberWaiting()==2?"都到齐了，继续走啊":"正在等候"));						
						cb.await();						
					} catch (Exception e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}				
				}
			};
			service.execute(runnable);
		}
		service.shutdown();
	}
}

3.CountDownLatch

  犹如倒计时计数器，调用CountDownLatch对象的countDown方法就将计数器减1，当计数到达0时，则所有等待者或单个等待者开始执行。可以实现一个人（也可以是多个人）等待其他所有人都来通知他，这犹如一个计划需要多个领导都签字后才能继续向下实施。还可以实现一个人通知多个人的效果，类似裁判一声口令，运动员同时开始奔跑。

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class CountdownLatchTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		final CountDownLatch cdOrder = new CountDownLatch(1);
		final CountDownLatch cdAnswer = new CountDownLatch(3);		
		for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
			Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){
					public void run(){
					try {
						System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
								"正准备接受命令");						
						cdOrder.await();
						System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
						"已接受命令");								
						Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));	
						System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
								"回应命令处理结果");						
						cdAnswer.countDown();						
					} catch (Exception e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}				
				}
			};
			service.execute(runnable);
		}		
		try {
			Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
		
			System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
					"即将发布命令");						
			cdOrder.countDown();
			System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
			"已发送命令，正在等待结果");	
			cdAnswer.await();
			System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
			"已收到所有响应结果");	
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}				
		service.shutdown();

	}
}

                    

4.Exchanger

用于实现两个人之间的数据交换，每个人在完成一定的事务后想与对方交换数据，第一个先拿出数据的人将一直等待第二个人拿着数据到来时，才能彼此交换数据。

import java.util.concurrent.Exchanger;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class ExchangerTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
		final Exchanger exchanger = new Exchanger();
		service.execute(new Runnable(){
			public void run() {
				try {				

					String data1 = "zxx";
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
					"正在把数据" + data1 +"换出去");
					Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));
					String data2 = (String)exchanger.exchange(data1);
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
					"换回的数据为" + data2);
				}catch(Exception e){
					
				}
			}	
		});
		service.execute(new Runnable(){
			public void run() {
				try {				
					String data1 = "lhm";
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
					"正在把数据" + data1 +"换出去");
					Thread.sleep((long)(Math.random()*10000));					
					String data2 = (String)exchanger.exchange(data1);
					System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + 
					"换回的数据为" + data2);
				}catch(Exception e){
					
				}				
			}	
		});		
	}
}