Frama-C安装过程

第一步：安装opam

opam的安装依赖make、m4和cc。

cc其实包含在gcc中。

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:avsm/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install make m4 gcc opam

第二步：opam初始化

sudo opam init

完成初始化后运行下面指令

eval $(opam env)

第三步：安装frama-C

sudo opam install depext
eval $(opam env)
sudo opam depext frama-c
sudo opam install frama-c

第三条指令需要下载frama-c相关包，并进行编译安装，时间比较久，要耐心等待。

第四步：启动frama-c

eval $(opam env)

每次在新的terminal上要寻找opam安装的库，需要先执行上面指令才可以找到frama-c。

第五步：更换wp插件的版本

目前wp插件需要依赖why3和alt-ergo这两个验证工具，

当我们执行下面的命令时：

frama-c -wp Armst.c #Armst.c代码在下文

Armst.c代码如下：

#include <stdio.h>

void main()

{

	long int n1, n2;	/* intervals */

	long int i, temp, num, rem;

	printf("%d", 6/0);

  	printf("Enter two intervals: ");

	scanf("%ld %ld", &n1, &n2);

  	printf("Armstrong numbers between %ld and %ld are: \n", n1, n2);
/*@ ensures n1 > 0;
    ensures n2 > 0;

*/

/*@ loop invariant n1 <= i <= n2;

*/
 	
	for(i=n1; i<=n2; ++i)

  		{

/*@ assigns temp, num;

*/

      		temp=i;

      		num=0;

    		while(temp!=0)

      		{

/*@ assigns rem, num, temp;

*/

          		rem=(temp%10);

          		num+=rem*rem*rem;

        		temp/=10;

      		}

      		if(i==num)

          		printf("%ld\t ",i);

  	}

	printf("\n");	

}

会出现如下错误：

[kernel] Parsing Armst.c (with preprocessing)
[wp] Warning: Missing RTE guards
[wp] adpcm.c:288: Warning: Missing assigns clause (assigns 'everything' instead)
[wp] adpcm.c:277: Warning: Missing assigns clause (assigns 'everything' instead)
[wp] User Error: Prover 'alt-ergo' not found in why3.conf
[wp] Goal typed_encode_ensures : not tried
[wp] User Error: Deferred error message was emitted during execution. See above messages for more information.
[kernel] Plug-in wp aborted: invalid user input.

这个产生的主要原因是frama-c使用的why3有特定的版本，原因是版本不对导致无法识别。

why3 --version #1.2.1是ok的
alt-ergo -version #2.3.0是ok的

### 如果上面查看的版本不对，则通过opam进行重新安装编译即可
### opam重新安装编译指令如下

sudo opam install why3.1.2.1 #会同步把why3-ide等软件的版本
eval $(opam env) #刷新保存
sudo opam install altgr-ergo.2.3.0 #同理
eval $(opam env) #刷新保存

why3 config --detect #使用why3进行更新why3.conf文件

### 再执行frama-c 的 wp插件验证就ok了

这样就可以愉快的使用wp插件了。

再次执行一下frama-c验证Armst.c

frama-c -wp Armst.c #Armst.c代码在下文

其验证结果如下：

[kernel] Parsing Armst.c (with preprocessing)
[wp] [CFG] Goal main_ensures : Valid (Unreachable)
[wp] [CFG] Goal main_ensures_2 : Valid (Unreachable)
[wp] Warning: Missing RTE guards
[wp] Armst.c:39: Warning: Missing assigns clause (assigns 'everything' instead)
[wp] Armst.c:27: Warning: Missing assigns clause (assigns 'everything' instead)
[wp] Armst.c:15: Warning: 
  Allocation, initialization and danglingness not yet implemented
  (\initialized(param0))
[wp] Armst.c:15: Warning: 
  Allocation, initialization and danglingness not yet implemented
  (\initialized(param1))
[wp] 12 goals scheduled
[wp] [Alt-Ergo 2.3.0] Goal typed_main_call_printf_va_2_requires : Timeout (Qed:2ms) (3s)
[wp] [Alt-Ergo 2.3.0] Goal typed_main_call_printf_va_1_requires : Timeout (Qed:1ms) (3s)
[wp] [Alt-Ergo 2.3.0] Goal typed_main_loop_invariant_established : Timeout (Qed:8ms) (3s) (Stronger, 2 warnings)
[wp] [Alt-Ergo 2.3.0] Goal typed_main_loop_invariant_preserved : Timeout (Qed:14ms) (3s) (Stronger, 2 warnings)
[wp] [Alt-Ergo 2.3.0] Goal typed_main_call_printf_va_4_requires : Timeout (Qed:10ms) (4s) (Stronger, 2 warnings)
[wp] [Alt-Ergo 2.3.0] Goal typed_main_call_printf_va_3_requires : Timeout (Qed:4ms) (4s) (Stronger, 2 warnings)
[wp] [Alt-Ergo 2.3.0] Goal typed_main_call_scanf_va_1_requires_3 : Timeout (Qed:4ms) (4s)
[wp] Proved goals:    5 / 12
  Qed:               5  (1ms-2ms)
  Alt-Ergo 2.3.0:    0  (interrupted: 7)

第六步：添加其他验证工具

安装CVC4

wget https://github.com/CVC4/CVC4/releases/download/1.7/cvc4-1.7-x86_64-linux-opt
sudo cp cvc4-1.7-x86_64-linux-opt /usr/local/bin/cvc4
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cvc4
cvc4 --version

安装Z3

wget https://github.com/Z3Prover/z3/releases/download/z3-4.8.6/z3-4.8.6-x64-ubuntu-16.04.zip
unzip z3-4.8.6-x64-ubuntu-16.04.zip
sudo cp z3-4.8.6-x64-ubuntu-16.04/bin/z3 /usr/local/bin
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/z3
z3 -version

why3检测验证工具

why3检测验证工具，并更新why3.config文件

why3 config --detect
why3 --list-provers

如果显示ok，即说明安装的验证工具被检测识别出来。

Found prover Alt-Ergo version 2.3.0, Ok.
Found prover CVC4 version 1.7, Ok.
Found prover Z3 version 4.8.6, Ok

安装Coq

opam install coq #安装coq
eval $(opam env) #刷新opam配置
coqc -version
why3 config --detect #why3检测coq