7.泛型(传智播客)

1.简介
JDK5.0以后用泛型来接收类需要操作的引用数据类型，当引用的类型不确定时就使用泛型。
泛型技术是给编译器使用的，编译器在检查完后，生成的.class文件中不带泛型，原因是泛型是jdk5.0以后出现的技术，类加载器不能识别，这叫做擦除。在运行过程中，又带有泛型，原因是类加载器获取.class字节码文件中运行时类中的数据类型，进行类强制转换，这叫做泛型补偿。

2.泛型类

public class Person {
	private String name;
	private int age;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	public Person(String name, int age) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
}

public class Student extends Person {

	public Student(String name, int age) {
		super(name, age);
	}
	
	public void show(){
		System.out.println("student show run...");
	}
}

public class Worker extends Person {

	public Worker(String name, int age) {
		super(name, age);
	}
	
	public void show(){
		System.out.println("worker show run...");
	}
}

public class Tool<T>{
	private T t;

	public T getT() {
		return t;
	}

	public void setT(T t) {
		this.t = t;
	}
}

public class TestClass {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Tool<Student> t = new Tool<Student>();
		t.setT(new Student("steven",20));
		//编译不通过，类型不匹配
		//t.setT(new Worker("steven",20));
		t.getT().show();
	}
}

3.泛型方法

public class Person {
	private String name;
	private int age;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	public Person(String name, int age) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
}

public class Student extends Person {

	public Student(String name, int age) {
		super(name, age);
	}
	
	public void show(){
		System.out.println("student show run...");
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "name:"+getName()+",age:"+getAge();
	}
}

public class Worker extends Person {

	public Worker(String name, int age) {
		super(name, age);
	}
	
	public void show(){
		System.out.println("worker show run...");
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "name:"+getName()+",age:"+getAge();
	}
}

public class Tool<T>{
	private T t;

	public T getT() {
		return t;
	}

	public void setT(T t) {
		this.t = t;
	}
	
	public void display(T t){
		System.out.println(t);
	}
}

public class TestClass {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Tool<Student> t = new Tool<Student>();
		t.display(new Student("steven",20));
		//编译不通过，类型不匹配
		//t.display(new Worker("steven",20));
	}
}

4.泛型接口

interface Inter<I>{
	void fun();
}

class InterClass implements Inter{
	@Override
	public void fun() {
		System.out.println("InterClass fun run...");
	}
}

public class TestClass {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		InterClass i = new InterClass();
		i.fun();
	}
}

5.通配符

public static void main(String[] args) {
	List<Student> list = new LinkedList<Student>();
	list.add(new Student("steven",27));
	list.add(new Student("cherry",20));
	fun(list);
	//这里存入的不相同，为了简化代码，不覆盖hashCode()与equals()
	Set<Worker> set = new HashSet<Worker>();
	set.add(new Worker("jan",23));
	set.add(new Worker("tom",24));
	fun(set);
}

private static void fun(Collection<?> coll) {
	Iterator<?> it = coll.iterator();
	while(it.hasNext()){
		Person p = (Person)it.next();
		System.out.println(p);
	}
}

6.上限(类及其子类)

public static void main(String[] args) {
	List<Student> list = new LinkedList<Student>();
	list.add(new Student("steven",27));
	list.add(new Student("cherry",20));
	fun(list);
	//这里存入的不相同，为了简化代码，不覆盖hashCode()与equals()
	Set<Worker> set = new HashSet<Worker>();
	set.add(new Worker("jan",23));
	set.add(new Worker("tom",24));
	fun(set);
}

private static void fun(Collection<? extends Person> coll) {
	Iterator<?> it = coll.iterator();
	while(it.hasNext()){
		Person p = (Person)it.next();
		System.out.println("name:"+p.getName()+",age:"+p.getAge());
	}
}

7.下限(类及其父类)

public static void main(String[] args) {
	List<Student> list = new LinkedList<Student>();
	list.add(new Student("steven",27));
	list.add(new Student("cherry",20));
	fun(list);
	Set<Person> set = new HashSet<Person>();
	set.add(new Person("jan",23));
	set.add(new Person("tom",24));
	fun(set);
	//这里存入的不相同，为了简化代码，不覆盖hashCode()与equals()
	Set<Worker> set1 = new HashSet<Worker>();
	set1.add(new Worker("jan",23));
	set1.add(new Worker("tom",24));
	//fun(set1);
	//Student的下限不包含Worker,因此不可以打印
}

private static void fun(Collection<? super Student> coll) {
	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	Iterator<?> it = coll.iterator();
	while(it.hasNext()){
		//取出的话得按下限来取，否则有的没法打印
		Person p = (Person)it.next();
		System.out.println("name:"+p.getName()+",age:"+p.getAge());
	}
}