socket编程入门(三)

下面给出开发简单客户回射服务器程序迭代过程。

第一版

程序见上一篇博客末尾,由于服务器关闭后处于TIMEWAIT状态,因此存在一个问题:短时间内服务器程序不能重启并使用。

第二版(服务器端使用了REUSEADDR选项)

使用这个选项后,即使服务器处于TIMEWAIT状态,也可以重新启用。
下面给出实现代码。(默认makefile就是上篇博客末尾的makefile)
cli:同第一版的cli程序。
srv:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define ERR_EXIT(m)\
    do\
    {\
        perror(m);\
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\
    }while(0)

int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{

    int listenfd;
    if((listenfd = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("socket");
    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr,0,sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    //servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    //inet_aton("127.0.0.1",&servaddr.sin_addr);

    int on = 1;
    if(setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&on,sizeof(on)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("setsockopt");
    if(bind(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("bind");
    if(listen(listenfd,SOMAXCONN) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("listen");
    struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
    socklen_t peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);
    int conn;
    if((conn = accept(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&peeraddr,&peerlen)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("accept");
    printf("ip=%s portr=%d\n",inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr),ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));   
    char recvbuf[1024];
    while(1)
    {
        memset(recvbuf,0,sizeof(recvbuf));

        int ret = read(conn,recvbuf,sizeof(recvbuf));
        fputs(recvbuf,stdout);
        write(conn,recvbuf,ret);
    }
    return 0;
}

第三版(增加并发)

父子进程做处理:父进程接受accept,子进程处理连接。
cli和makefile同第二版
srv:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define ERR_EXIT(m)\
    do\
    {\
        perror(m);\
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\
    }while(0)
void do_service(int fd);
ssize_t readn(int fd,void* buf,size_t count);
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{

    int listenfd;
    if((listenfd = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("socket");
    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr,0,sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    //servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    //inet_aton("127.0.0.1",&servaddr.sin_addr);

    int on = 1;
    if(setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&on,sizeof(on)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("setsockopt");
    if(bind(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("bind");
    if(listen(listenfd,SOMAXCONN) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("listen");

    struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
    socklen_t peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);

    int conn;
    pid_t pid;
    while(1)
    {

        if((conn = accept(listenfd,\
            (struct sockaddr*)&peeraddr,&peerlen)) < 0)
            ERR_EXIT("accept");
        printf("ip=%s portr=%d\n",inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr),\
        ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));

        pid = fork();
        if(pid==-1)
            ERR_EXIT("fork");
        if(pid==0)
        {
            close(listenfd);
            do_service(conn);
        /*break out then close child process*/
            exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
        }else
        {
            close(conn);/*parent and child share the fds*/
        }

    }
    return 0;
}


void do_service(int fd)
{
    char recvbuf[1024];
    while(1)
    {
        memset(recvbuf,0,sizeof(recvbuf));

        int ret = read(fd,recvbuf,sizeof(recvbuf));
        if(ret == 0)/*client has closed*/
        {
            printf("client closed\n");
            break;
        }else if(ret == -1)
        {
            ERR_EXIT("read");
        }
        fputs(recvbuf,stdout);
        write(fd,recvbuf,ret);
    }

}

第四版 (增加对粘包的处理)

粘包来源
* TCP协议本身(传输层)不能传递消息边界,原因在于基于字节流的TCP是不能保证对等方一次读操作返回多少字节的,因而存在粘包问题。
处理粘包的常见解决办法:
* 定长包
* 包尾加\r\n(ftp)
* 包头加上包体长度

第一次尝试

先尝试定长包的方式来完善之前的第三版程序,思路是封装readn和writen函数。

代码

cli:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define ERR_EXIT(m)\
    do\
    {\
        perror(m);\
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\
    }while(0)
ssize_t readn(int fd,void* buf,size_t count);
ssize_t writen(int fd,void* buf,size_t count);
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{

    int sock;
    if((sock = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("socket");
    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr,0,sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
    //servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl("127.0.0.1");
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    //inet_aton("127.0.0.1",&servaddr.sin_addr);

    if(connect(sock,(struct sockaddr*)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("connect");

    char sendbuf[1024] = {0};

    char recvbuf[1024] = {0};
    while(fgets(sendbuf,sizeof(sendbuf),stdin)!=NULL)
    {
        writen(sock,sendbuf,sizeof(sendbuf));
        readn(sock,recvbuf,sizeof(recvbuf));

        fputs(recvbuf,stdout);
        memset(sendbuf,0,sizeof(sendbuf));
        memset(recvbuf,0,sizeof(recvbuf));
    }

    return 0;
}
ssize_t readn(int fd,void* buf,size_t count)
{
    size_t nleft = count;
    size_t nread = 0;
    char* bufp = (char*)buf;
    while(nleft > 0)
    {
        if((nread = read(fd,bufp,nleft)) < 0)
        {
            if(errno == EINTR)
                continue;
            return -1;
        }
        else if(nread == 0)
        {
            return count - nleft;
        }
        bufp += nread;
        nleft -= nread;
    }   
    return count;
}
ssize_t writen(int fd,void* buf,size_t count)
{

    size_t nleft = count;
    size_t nwritten = 0;
    char* bufp = (char*)buf;
    while(nleft > 0)
    {
        if((nwritten = write(fd,bufp,nleft)) < 0)
        {
            if(errno == EINTR)
                continue;
            return -1;
        }
        else if(nwritten == 0)
        {
            continue;
        }
        bufp += nwritten;
        nleft -= nwritten;
    }   
    return count;
}

srv:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define ERR_EXIT(m)\
    do\
    {\
        perror(m);\
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\
    }while(0)
void do_service(int fd);
ssize_t readn(int fd,void* buf,size_t count);
ssize_t writen(int fd,void* buf,size_t count);
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{

    int listenfd;
    if((listenfd = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("socket");
    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr,0,sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    //servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    //inet_aton("127.0.0.1",&servaddr.sin_addr);

    int on = 1;
    if(setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&on,sizeof(on)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("setsockopt");
    if(bind(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("bind");
    if(listen(listenfd,SOMAXCONN) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("listen");

    struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
    socklen_t peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);

    int conn;
    pid_t pid;
    while(1)
    {

        if((conn = accept(listenfd,\
            (struct sockaddr*)&peeraddr,&peerlen)) < 0)
            ERR_EXIT("accept");
        printf("ip=%s portr=%d\n",inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr),\
        ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));

        pid = fork();
        if(pid==-1)
            ERR_EXIT("fork");
        if(pid==0)
        {
            close(listenfd);
            do_service(conn);
        /*break out then close child process*/
            exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
        }else
        {
            close(conn);/*parent and child share the fds*/
        }

    }
    return 0;
}


void do_service(int fd)
{
    char recvbuf[1024];
    while(1)
    {
        memset(recvbuf,0,sizeof(recvbuf));

        int ret = readn(fd,recvbuf,sizeof(recvbuf));
        if(ret == 0)/*client has closed*/
        {
            printf("client closed\n");
            break;
        }else if(ret == -1)
        {
            ERR_EXIT("read");
        }
        fputs(recvbuf,stdout);
        writen(fd,recvbuf,ret);
    }

}

ssize_t readn(int fd,void* buf,size_t count)
{
    size_t nleft = count;/*count:bytes which need to read*/
    ssize_t nread;/*has readed*/
    char* bufp = (char*)buf;

    while(nleft > 0)
    {
        if((nread = read(fd,bufp,nleft)) < 0)
        {
            /*if signal interrupt*/
            if(errno == EINTR)
                continue;
            return -1;
        }
        else if(nread == 0)/*peer has been closed*/
        {
        //  break;
        return count - nleft;
        } 
        bufp += nread;
        nleft -= nread;
    }
    return count;
}
ssize_t writen(int fd,void* buf,size_t count)
{
    size_t nleft = count;/*count:bytes which need to read*/
    ssize_t nwritten;/*has readed*/
    char* bufp = (char*)buf;

    while(nleft > 0)
    {
        if((nwritten = write(fd,bufp,nleft)) < 0)
        {
            /*if signal interrupt*/
            if(errno == EINTR)
                continue;
            return -1;
        }
        else if(nwritten == 0)/*peer has been closed*/
        {
            continue;
        } 
        bufp += nwritten;
        nleft -= nwritten;
    }
    return count;
}

定长包虽然可以解决粘包问题,但是其每次发生都需要一个缓冲区,有效数据可能在其中所占比重非常小,举一个极端例子,每次只发送一个字符。每次发送数据时,大量无效数据充斥于网络,无形中增大了网络负担,因而还需要进一步改进。

第二次尝试

增加一个包头,包头存放每次传输的数据长度。
这样可舍弃定长包。

代码

cli:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define ERR_EXIT(m)\
    do\
    {\
        perror(m);\
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\
    }while(0)
typedef struct _Package
{
    int len;
    char buf[1024];
}Package;
ssize_t readn(int fd,void* buf,size_t count);
ssize_t writen(int fd,void* buf,size_t count);
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{

    int sock;
    if((sock = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("socket");
    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr,0,sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
    //servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl("127.0.0.1");
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    //inet_aton("127.0.0.1",&servaddr.sin_addr);

    if(connect(sock,(struct sockaddr*)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("connect");
    Package sendbuf;
    Package recvbuf;
    memset(&sendbuf,0,sizeof(sendbuf));
    memset(&recvbuf,0,sizeof(recvbuf));
    int n = 0;
    while(fgets(sendbuf.buf,sizeof(sendbuf.buf),stdin)!=NULL)
    {
        n = strlen(sendbuf.buf);
        sendbuf.len = htonl(n);
        writen(sock,&sendbuf,4 + n);
        /*receive head len field*/  
        int ret = readn(sock,&recvbuf.len,4);
        if(ret == -1)ERR_EXIT("read");
        else if(ret < 4)
        {
            printf("srv close\n");
            break;
        }
        n = ntohl(recvbuf.len);
        ret = readn(sock,recvbuf.buf,n);
        if(ret == -1)ERR_EXIT("read");
        else if(ret < n)
        {
            printf("srv close\n");
            break;
        }
        fputs(recvbuf.buf,stdout);
        memset(&sendbuf,0,sizeof(sendbuf));
        memset(&recvbuf,0,sizeof(recvbuf));
    }
    close(sock);
    return 0;
}
ssize_t readn(int fd,void* buf,size_t count)
{
    size_t nleft = count;
    size_t nread = 0;
    char* bufp = (char*)buf;
    while(nleft > 0)
    {
        if((nread = read(fd,bufp,nleft)) < 0)
        {
            if(errno == EINTR)
                continue;
            return -1;
        }
        else if(nread == 0)
        {
            return count - nleft;
        }
        bufp += nread;
        nleft -= nread;
    }   
    return count;
}
ssize_t writen(int fd,void* buf,size_t count)
{

    size_t nleft = count;
    size_t nwritten = 0;
    char* bufp = (char*)buf;
    while(nleft > 0)
    {
        if((nwritten = write(fd,bufp,nleft)) < 0)
        {
            if(errno == EINTR)
                continue;
            return -1;
        }
        else if(nwritten == 0)
        {
            continue;
        }
        bufp += nwritten;
        nleft -= nwritten;
    }   
    return count;
}

srv:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define ERR_EXIT(m)\
    do\
    {\
        perror(m);\
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\
    }while(0)
typedef struct _Package
{
    int len;
    char buf[1024];
}Package;
void do_service(int fd);
ssize_t readn(int fd,void* buf,size_t count);
ssize_t writen(int fd,void* buf,size_t count);
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{

    int listenfd;
    if((listenfd = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("socket");
    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr,0,sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(5188);
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    //servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    //inet_aton("127.0.0.1",&servaddr.sin_addr);

    int on = 1;
    if(setsockopt(listenfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,&on,sizeof(on)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("setsockopt");
    if(bind(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("bind");
    if(listen(listenfd,SOMAXCONN) < 0)
        ERR_EXIT("listen");

    struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
    socklen_t peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);

    int conn;
    pid_t pid;
    while(1)
    {

        if((conn = accept(listenfd,\
            (struct sockaddr*)&peeraddr,&peerlen)) < 0)
            ERR_EXIT("accept");
        printf("ip=%s portr=%d\n",inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr),\
        ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));

        pid = fork();
        if(pid==-1)
            ERR_EXIT("fork");
        if(pid==0)
        {
            close(listenfd);
            do_service(conn);
        /*break out then close child process*/
            exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
        }else
        {
            close(conn);/*parent and child share the fds*/
        }

    }
    return 0;
}


void do_service(int fd)
{
    Package recvbuf;
    //char recvbuf[1024];
    memset(&recvbuf,0,sizeof(recvbuf));
    int n = 0;
    while(1)
    {
        memset(&recvbuf,0,sizeof(recvbuf));

        int ret = readn(fd,&recvbuf.len,4);
        if(ret == -1)ERR_EXIT("read");
        else if(ret < 4)/*client has closed*/
        {
            printf("client closed\n");
            break;
        }
        n = ntohl(recvbuf.len);
        ret = readn(fd,recvbuf.buf,n);
        if(ret == -1)ERR_EXIT("read");
        else if(ret < n)/*client has closed*/
        {
            printf("client closed\n");
            break;
        }

        fputs(recvbuf.buf,stdout);
        writen(fd,&recvbuf,n + 4);
    }

}

ssize_t readn(int fd,void* buf,size_t count)
{
    size_t nleft = count;/*count:bytes which need to read*/
    ssize_t nread;/*has readed*/
    char* bufp = (char*)buf;

    while(nleft > 0)
    {
        if((nread = read(fd,bufp,nleft)) < 0)
        {
            /*if signal interrupt*/
            if(errno == EINTR)
                continue;
            return -1;
        }
        else if(nread == 0)/*peer has been closed*/
        {
        //  break;
        return count - nleft;
        } 
        bufp += nread;
        nleft -= nread;
    }
    return count;
}
ssize_t writen(int fd,void* buf,size_t count)
{
    size_t nleft = count;/*count:bytes which need to read*/
    ssize_t nwritten;/*has readed*/
    char* bufp = (char*)buf;

    while(nleft > 0)
    {
        if((nwritten = write(fd,bufp,nleft)) < 0)
        {
            /*if signal interrupt*/
            if(errno == EINTR)
                continue;
            return -1;
        }
        else if(nwritten == 0)/*peer has been closed*/
        {
            continue;
        } 
        bufp += nwritten;
        nleft -= nwritten;
    }
    return count;
}
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