我们一般把BeanFactory叫做IoC容器,叫ApplicationContext 为应用上下文(或者Spring容器);
如果说BeanFactory是Spring的心脏,那么ApplicationContext就是Spring的完整的身躯了;
ApplicationContext由BeanFactory派生而来,提供了更加多的面向实际应用的功能;
在BeanFactory中,很多功能需要以编程的方式实现,而在ApplicationContext中则可以通过配置的方式实现。
ApplicationContext还提供了以下的功能:
1) MessageSource,提供国际化的消息访问
2)资源访问,如URL和文件
3)事件传播,实现了ApplicationListener接口的bean
4)应用多个上文,使得每一个上下文都专注于一个特定的层次,比如应用的web层.
1.MessageSource
ApplicationContext接口扩展了MessageSource接口,因而提供了消息处理的功能(i18n或者国际化)。与HierarchicalMessageSource一起使用,它还能够处理嵌套的消息,这些是Spring提供的处理消息的基本接口。让我们快速浏览一下它所定义的方法:
• String getMessage(String code, Object[] args, String default, Locale loc):用来从MessageSource获取消息的基本方法。如果在指定的locale中没有找到消息,则使用默认的消息。args中的参数将使用标准类库中的MessageFormat来作消息中替换值。
• String getMessage(String code, Object[] args, Locale loc):本质上和上一个方法相同,其区别在:没有指定默认值,如果没找到消息,会抛出一个NoSuchMessageException异常。
• String getMessage(MessageSourceResolvable resolvable, Locale locale):上面方法中所使用的属性都封装到一个MessageSourceResolvable实现中,而本方法可以指定MessageSourceResolvable实现。
当一个ApplicationContext被加载时,它会自动在context中查找已定义为MessageSource类型的bean。此bean的名称须为messageSource。如果找到,那么所有对上述方法的调用将被委托给该bean。否则ApplicationContext会在其父类中查找是否含有同名的bean。如果有,就把它作为MessageSource。如果它最终没有找到任何的消息源,一个空的StaticMessageSource将会被实例化,使它能够接受上述方法的调用。
ApplicationContext加载多个配置文件,并读取
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">Bean.xml的配置情况 <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">beans</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bean</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"messageSource"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"basenames"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">list</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">value</span>></span>one<span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">value</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">value</span>></span>two<span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">value</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">list</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">bean</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">beans</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">1</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">3</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">4</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">5</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">6</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">7</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">8</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">9</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">10</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">11</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">12</li></ul>
这段配置文件告诉我们资源文件加载的方式,它可以从one.properties,two.properties,两个文件里分别加载我们需要的资源,且它们是按配置文件夹的顺序加载的。
<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-constant" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">one</span>.properties <span class="hljs-comment" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># in 'one.properties'</span> <span class="hljs-constant" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">one</span>=<span class="hljs-constant" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">one</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">format</span>! <span class="hljs-constant" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">two</span>.properties <span class="hljs-comment" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"># in 'two.properties'</span> message=<span class="hljs-constant" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">one</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">format</span>!</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">1</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">3</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">4</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">5</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;">6</li></ul>
ApplicationContext加载多个配置文件的JAVA源代码
<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">package</span> com.spring; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> org.springframework.context.MessageSource; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/** * 简单模拟ApplicationContext加载多个配置文件,并读取属性 * *<span class="hljs-javadoctag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"> @author</span> 范芳铭 */</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">EasyApplicationContext</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">main</span>(String[] args) { MessageSource resources = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(<span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"bean.xml"</span>); String message = resources.getMessage(<span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"message"</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Default"</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>); System.out.println(message); } } </code>