说明,这篇文章的环境是oracle jdk1.8, idea.
枚举是一种数据类型,具有集合的一些特点,可以存放多个元素,但存储对象有限且固定,
枚举也有比较常见的使用场景,如我们需要表达性别(男、女),颜色(红、黄、蓝),星期(星期一、星期二...星期日),四季(春、夏、秋、冬),地理位置(东、西、南、北),方向(前、后、左、右)等,这些场景都非常适合枚举。
java中使用enum来定义枚举,和class,interface具有同样的等级,(注意是enum,而不是Enum),定义枚举可以有两种情况
第一种:默认构造器(空构造器)
/**
* @author zk
* @Description:
* @date 2019-08-01 17:04
*/
public enum Quarter1 {
SPRING,SUMMER,AUTUMN,WINTER;
}
未定义成员变量和成员方法,省略了private Quarter() {}
简单说明一下:枚举enum的构造器只能是private
反编译之后.class文件是:
//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//
public enum Quarter1 {
SPRING,
SUMMER,
AUTUMN,
WINTER;
private Quarter1() {
}
}
上面的源码是IDEA自己打开之后的,使用其他工具 jad 编译之后是这样的,就知道其实枚举还是类
工具可以在QQ群:965125360 中工具中找到.
使用方法也很简单 , 在cmd 中输入: jad Quarter1.class
就会生成一个Quarter1.jad 文件, 使用记事本打开就看得到了. 里面的中文注释是我加上去的.
// Decompiled by Jad v1.5.8g. Copyright 2001 Pavel Kouznetsov.
// Jad home page: http://www.kpdus.com/jad.html
// Decompiler options: packimports(3)
// Source File Name: Quarter1.java
//final类,不可以继承
public final class Quarter1 extends Enum
{
//static方法
public static Quarter1[] values()
{
return (Quarter1[])$VALUES.clone();
}
public static Quarter1 valueOf(String name)
{
return (Quarter1)Enum.valueOf(Quarter1, name);
}
//private构造方法.i 其实是index
private Quarter1(String s, int i)
{
super(s, i);
}
public static final Quarter1 SPRING;
public static final Quarter1 SUMMER;
public static final Quarter1 AUTUMN;
public static final Quarter1 WINTER;
private static final Quarter1 $VALUES[];
//在静态代码块中进行初始化
static
{
SPRING = new Quarter1("SPRING", 0);
SUMMER = new Quarter1("SUMMER", 1);
AUTUMN = new Quarter1("AUTUMN", 2);
WINTER = new Quarter1("WINTER", 3);
$VALUES = (new Quarter1[] {
SPRING, SUMMER, AUTUMN, WINTER
});
}
}
第二种:定义了成员变量、带参构造器
枚举可以定义成员变量,包括成员属性、方法,抽象方法,静态方法等
/**
* @author zk
* @Description:
* @date 2019-08-01 17:05
*/
public enum Quarter2 {
SPRING("春"),SUMMER("夏"),AUTUMN("秋"),WINTER("冬");
private String name;
//枚举enum的构造器只能是private
/*private Quarter2(String name) {
this.name = name;
}*/
//这里前面没有加private... 会自动加上
Quarter2(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
//静态方法
public static void printName(){
System.out.println(Quarter2.SUMMER.name);
}
//可以有抽象方法, 但是抽象方法和上面的实例是不相容的,不能同时存在.,这里注释掉了
//public abstract void printValue();
}
注意:枚举和类一样,可以有多个构造器,即有了一个带参构造器,还可以有无参构造器,编译是可以通过的。
除此之外:
- 枚举enum 默认继承了java.lang.Enum类(
public abstract class Enum<E extends Enum<E>> implements Comparable<E>, Serializable ),实现了 java.lang.Seriablizable 和 java.lang.Comparable 两个接口,可序列化以及进行比较;
- 所有的枚举值都是常量,默认采用了public static final 进行了修饰,enum不是类,自然也不能被继承或实现;
- 枚举值必须在第一行,否则编译出错;
反编译之后的就是:
//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by Fernflower decompiler)
//
public enum Quarter2 {
SPRING("春"),
SUMMER("夏"),
AUTUMN("秋"),
WINTER("冬");
private String name;
private Quarter2(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public static void printName() {
System.out.println(SUMMER.name);
}
}
使用jad之后的源码是:里面的中文注释是我加上去的.
// Decompiled by Jad v1.5.8g. Copyright 2001 Pavel Kouznetsov.
// Jad home page: http://www.kpdus.com/jad.html
// Decompiler options: packimports(3)
// Source File Name: Quarter2.java
import java.io.PrintStream;
public final class Quarter2 extends Enum
{
public static Quarter2[] values()
{
return (Quarter2[])$VALUES.clone();
}
public static Quarter2 valueOf(String name)
{
return (Quarter2)Enum.valueOf(Quarter2, name);
}
private Quarter2(String s, int i, String name)
{
super(s, i);
this.name = name;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public static void printName()
{
System.out.println(SUMMER.name);
}
//单例
public static final Quarter2 SPRING;
public static final Quarter2 SUMMER;
public static final Quarter2 AUTUMN;
public static final Quarter2 WINTER;
//属性
private String name;
private static final Quarter2 $VALUES[];
static
{
//这里对中文进行了编码
SPRING = new Quarter2("SPRING", 0, "\u6625");
SUMMER = new Quarter2("SUMMER", 1, "\u590F");
AUTUMN = new Quarter2("AUTUMN", 2, "\u79CB");
WINTER = new Quarter2("WINTER", 3, "\u51AC");
$VALUES = (new Quarter2[] {
//这里的values是直接初始化完成的.
SPRING, SUMMER, AUTUMN, WINTER
});
}
}
测试:
/**
* @author zk
* @Description:
* @date 2019-08-01 17:09
*/
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取枚举元素
System.out.println(Quarter2.AUTUMN);
//调用toString()方法将枚举元素转化为String类型
System.out.println(Quarter2.AUTUMN.name());
System.out.println(Quarter2.AUTUMN.toString());
//获取成员变量
System.out.println(Quarter2.AUTUMN.getName());
//静态方法
Quarter2.printName();
}
}
枚举遍历
有时候我们需要将枚举元素都取出来作为查询条件,此时就需要进行遍历,通过调用Quarter.values()
方法
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author zk
* @Description:
* @date 2019-08-01 17:35
*/
public class Test3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//通过values()方法得到Quarter元素的数组
Quarter2[] quarters = Quarter2.values();
List<String> quarterParam = new ArrayList<>(quarters.length);
//将数组中的元素存储到List集合quarterParam中
for (Quarter2 quarter : quarters) {
quarterParam.add(quarter.toString());
}
}
}
switch条件判断
枚举的元素有限且固定,通过switch做条件判断却是正好
Quarter2 quarter = Quarter2.AUTUMN;
switch (quarter) {
case SPRING:
System.out.println("找到了,是它:" + Quarter2.SPRING);
break;
case SUMMER:
System.out.println("找到了,是它:" + Quarter2.SUMMER);
break;
case AUTUMN:
System.out.println("找到了,是它:" + Quarter2.AUTUMN);
break;
case WINTER:
System.out.println("找到了,是它:" + Quarter2.WINTER);
break;
default:
System.out.println("未找到");
break;
}
简单说明一下:其实此处不需要default的内容,或者说将WINTER作为default即可,因为枚举天然有类型限制,你只能传递它已有的元素以及null,不过正常情况下都会提前判断传递的参数是否为null,当switch接收到null时会报java.lang.NullPointerException。
枚举比较
判断是否相等
枚举判断两个元素是否相等直接使用==进行判断即可,因为它非类,也无法实例化,存储位置自然也不会根据对象的不同而不同。
//枚举的比较
System.out.println(Quarter2.AUTUMN==Quarter2.AUTUMN);
System.out.println(Quarter2.AUTUMN.equals(Quarter2.AUTUMN));
System.out.println(Quarter2.AUTUMN==Quarter2.SUMMER);
System.out.println(Quarter2.AUTUMN.equals(Quarter2.SUMMER));
/**
true
true
false
false
*/
其底层的equal方法就是:
/**
* Returns true if the specified object is equal to this
* enum constant.
*
* @param other the object to be compared for equality with this object.
* @return true if the specified object is equal to this
* enum constant.
*/
public final boolean equals(Object other) {
return this==other;
}
compareTo方法
//比较
System.out.println(Quarter2.AUTUMN.compareTo(Quarter2.AUTUMN));
System.out.println(Quarter2.AUTUMN.compareTo(Quarter2.SUMMER));
System.out.println(Quarter2.SUMMER.compareTo(Quarter2.AUTUMN));
/**
0
1
-1
*/
枚举也可也实现接口
public interface WeatherInterface {
//获取温度
String getTemperature(Quarter2 quarter);
}
实现为:
/**
* @author zk
* @Description:
* @date 2019-08-01 17:19
*/
public enum Quarter3 implements WeatherInterface {
//这里是个分号
;
@Override
public String getTemperature(Quarter2 quarter) {
return quarter.getName();
}
}
使用接口来组织枚举
如果枚举太多也不好管理,同时条理不够清晰,我们可以通过接口来将多个相关枚举组织在一起进行管理,
public interface Weather {
enum Quarter implements Weather {
SPRING, SUMMER, AUTUMN, WINTER;
}
enum Temperature implements Weather {
MODERATE, HEAT, COOL, COLD
}
//调用时直接通过Weather.Quarter.SPRING即可。
}
好了,说完了.