[Python] 发送Email (可发HTML，附件）

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-20 04:30:00 发布

Zhu_Julian

最新推荐文章于 2024-06-20 04:30:00 发布

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分类专栏： Python 文章标签： Python email 邮件附件

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dbanote/article/details/8924686

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在Python里我们可以使用smtplib模块发送email，smtp(Simple Mail Transfer Protocal），是简单邮件传输协议，通过它可以和smtp server进行通讯。

smtplib的一个简单例子

import smtplib
"""The first step is to create an SMTP object, each object is used for connection with one server."""
server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.163.com','994')
 
#Next, log in to the server
server.login("username","password")
 
#Send the mail
msg = "\nHello!" # The \n separates the message from the headers
server.sendmail("from@163.com", "to@gmail.com", msg)

首先你要获得邮件服务器的smtp地址和端口号，一般都能在网上找到，然后输入你邮箱的用户名和密码，编辑邮件标题和正文（它们之间用\n隔开），最后指定目标邮件地址发送邮件。

使用Email Package

Python里有两个模块：MIMEMultipart和MIMEText，我们可以利用它们构造和解析邮件信息。

import smtplib
from email.MIMEMultipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText

#First, we compose some of the basic message headers:
fromaddr = "from@163.com"
toaddr = "to@gmail.com"
ccaddr = "cc@gmail.com"
msg = MIMEMultipart()
msg['From'] = fromaddr
msg['To'] = toaddr
msg['Cc'] = ccaddr
msg['Subject'] = "Python email"

#Next, we attach the body of the email to the MIME message:
body = "Python test mail"
msg.attach(MIMEText(body, 'plain'))

'''For sending the mail, we have to convert the object to a string, and then
use the same prodecure as above to send using the SMTP server..'''

server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.163.com','994')
server.login("username","password")
text = msg.as_string()server.sendmail(fromaddr, toaddr, text)

上面这个例子发送了一个纯文本信息(Plain),如果有发送html邮件，可以参考如下例子：

body = "<a href='http://blog.csdn.net/u010415792'>Zhu_Julian's Blog</a>"
msg.attach(MIMEText(body, 'html'))

如果要发送附件，只要把附件attach到msg实例即可：

#Attach an attachment
att = MIMEText(open(r'c:\123.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')
att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="123.txt'
msg.attach(att)

Send Email模板

#!/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
 
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
 
from email.utils import COMMASPACE,formatdate
from email import encoders
 
import os
 
#server['name'],server['port'], server['user'], server['passwd']
def send_mail(server, fro, to, subject, text, files=[]): 
    assert type(server) == dict 
    assert type(fro) == str
    assert type(to) == list 
    assert type(subject) == str
    assert type(text) == str    
    assert type(files) == list

    msg = MIMEMultipart() 
    msg['From'] = fro 
    msg['Subject'] = subject 
    msg['To'] = COMMASPACE.join(to) #COMMASPACE==',' 
    msg['Date'] = formatdate(localtime=True) 
    msg.attach(MIMEText(text)) 
 
    for file in files: 
        att = MIMEText(open(file, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'gb2312')    
        att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'    
        att.add_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment", filename = os.path.basename(file))    
        msg.attach(att)     
 
    import smtplib 
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP(server['name'],server['port']) 
    smtp.login(server['user'], server['passwd']) 
    smtp.sendmail(fro, to, msg.as_string()) 
    smtp.close()

利用上面的模板可以实现向多人发送，可添加附件，但有一个问题，就是smtplib无法正确实现cc的功能，虽然有msg['Cc']模块，但不起作用（症状是在收到的邮件里确实有cc一栏，但cc里的人是收不到邮件的），这应该是smtplib的一个bug，目前找不到方法解决。

下面是调用上面模板的客户端例子：

server={'name':'smtp.163.com','port':'994','user':'mailuser','passwd':'mailpwd'}
fro='zhuxj@163.com'
to=['zhangxg@163.com','xjzhu86@gmail.com']
subject='Weekly Data - '+timemark
text='Docter Zhang, see attachment please.'
files=[efilename]
mymodule.send_mail(server,fro,to,subject,text,files)