Spring MVC-数据绑定

最新推荐文章于 2023-06-05 15:24:09 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-06-05 15:24:09 发布

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分类专栏： spring-mvc Java 文章标签： spring-MVC 数据绑定 spring

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u010418500/article/details/77748923

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Spring MVC-数据绑定

1. 基本类型绑定

服务器代码

@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public class TestController{

    @RequestMapping(value="baseType.do")
    @ResponseBody
    public String baseType(int age){
        return "age = " + age;
    }
}

浏览器访问

http://localhost:8080/web/mvc?age=12

如果没有传递参数age，则服务器报错：

status: 500
org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Request processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: 
    Optional int parameter 'age' is present but cannot be translated into a null

解决办法

改age类型为包装类型Integer 或者加上 @RequestParam(“xage”) 表示必须传递age参数，如果不传该参数则报400错误。xage是age的别名，所以访问的URL：

http://localhost:8080/web/mvc?xage=12

@RequestMapping(value="baseType.do")
@ResponseBody
public String baseType(@RequestParam("xage") int age){
    return "age = " + age;
}

2. 数组类型的绑定

Controller代码

@RequestMapping(value = "/array.do")
@ResponseBody
public String array(String[] name) {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    for(String str : name){
        sb.append(str);
        sb.append(" ");
    }
    return sb.toString();
}

访问地址

http://localhost:8082/bind/mvc/array.do?name=Lucy&name=Tom&name=Dog

ajax请求访问

$.ajax({
    "url":"mvc/array.do",
    "type":"get",
    "data":{
        "name":[
            "Lucy",
            "Tom",
            "Dog"
        ]
    },
    "contentType":"x-www-form-urlencoded", /* 注意：contentType需要为x-www-form-urlencoded */
    "dataType":"json"
});

3. 简单对象的数据绑定

定义User类

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    // getter method...

    // setter method...

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
    }
}

TestController

public class TestController{
    @RequestMapping(value = "/object.do")
    @ResponseBody
    public String object(User user) {
        return user.toString();
    }
}

访问链接

http://localhost:8082/bind/mvc/object.do?name=Lucy&age=39

打印结果

User [name=Lucy, age=39]

4. 多层级对象的数据绑定

定义对象

public class ContactInfo {
    private String address;
    private String phone;

    // getter method and setter method...

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "ContactInfo [address=" + address + ", phone=" + phone + "]";
    }
}
public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private ContactInfo contactInfo;

    // getter method and setter method...

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", contactInfo="
                + contactInfo + "]";
    }
}

TestController

public class TestController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/object.do")
    @ResponseBody
    public String object(User user) {
        return user.toString();
    }
}

访问链接

http://localhost:8082/bind/mvc/object.do?name=Lucy&age=39&contactInfo.address=BeiJing&contactInfo.phone=10086

打印结果

User [name=Lucy, age=39, contactInfo=ContactInfo [address=BeiJing, phone=10086]]

5. 拥有同属性的多对象的数据绑定

定义类

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private ContactInfo contactInfo;

    getter method and setter method...

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", contactInfo="
                + contactInfo + "]";
    }
}
public class Admin {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    // getter method and setter method...

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Admin [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
    }
}

TestController

@RequestMapping(value = "/mutiObject.do")
@ResponseBody
public String MutiObject(User user,Admin admin) {
    return user.toString() +" " + admin.toString();
}

访问链接

http://localhost:8082/bind/mvc/mutiObject.do?name=Lucy&age=39&contactInfo.address=BeiJing&contactInfo.phone=10086

打印结果

User [name=Lucy, age=39, contactInfo=ContactInfo [address=BeiJing, phone=10086]] Admin [name=Lucy, age=39]

发现Admin和User的name,age都是相同的

尝试修改访问链接

http://localhost:8082/bind/mvc/mutiObject.do?user.name=Lucy&admin.name=Tom&age=39

打印结果

User [name=null, age=39, contactInfo=null] Admin [name=null, age=39]
我们发现user的name和admin的name均未被赋值

解决办法

修改 TestController，添加下面两个方法

@InitBinder("user")
public void initUser(WebDataBinder binder) {
    binder.setFieldDefaultPrefix("user.");
}
@InitBinder("admin")
public void initAdmin(WebDataBinder binder) {
    binder.setFieldDefaultPrefix("admin.");
}

访问链接

http://localhost:8082/bind/mvc/mutiObject.do?user.name=Lucy&admin.name=Tom&age=39

打印结果

User [name=Lucy, age=39, contactInfo=null] Admin [name=Tom, age=39]

6. List的数据绑定

定义类

public class User{

    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private String contactInfo;

    // getter... setter...
}

public class ListUserForm {
    private List<User> users;

    // getter and setter method...

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "ListUserForm [users=" + users + "]";
    }
}

TestController

@RequestMapping(value = "/list.do")
@ResponseBody
public String list(ListUserForm listUserForm) {
    return "list.size = " + listUserForm.getUsers().size() + "   " +listUserForm.toString();
}

访问链接

http://localhost:8082/bind/mvc/list.do?users[0].name=Lucy&users[1].name=Tom&users[10].name=Jim

打印结果

list.size = 11 ListUserForm [users=[User [name=Lucy, age=0, contactInfo=null], User [name=Tom, age=0, contactInfo
=null], User [name=null, age=0, contactInfo=null], User [name=null, age=0, contactInfo=null], User [name=null, ag
e=0, contactInfo=null], User [name=null, age=0, contactInfo=null], User [name=null, age=0, contactInfo=null], User
 [name=null, age=0, contactInfo=null], User [name=null, age=0, contactInfo=null], User [name=null, age=0, contactInfo
 =null], User [name=Jim, age=0, contactInfo=null]]]

结论

不能直接在TestController中参数传递List users，必须封装成ListUserForm这样的对象才能传递
要注意List中的下标要连续，否则容易造成性能损耗

7. Set的数据绑定

Set用得不那么多，而且容易出错
Set的数据绑定与List类似
UserSetForm中，需要事先对users进行实例化

8. Map的数据绑定

Java代码

public class User{
    private String name;
    // getter... setter
}

@Controller
@RequestMapping
public class TestController{

    @RequestMapping("map.do")
    public String map(Map<String,User> map){
        return map.toString();
    }
}

测试链接

http://localhost:8080/map.do?users['X'].name=Tom&users['Y'].name=Jim

9. Json的数据绑定

User类

public class User{
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private List<ContactInfo> contactInfos;
    // getter... setter
}

public class ContactInfo{
    private String name;
    private String phoneNumber;
    // getter... setter...
}

Controller代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController

    @RequestMapping(value="json.do")
    @ResponseBody
    public String json(@RequestBody User user){
        return user.toString();
    }
}

请求地址

http://localhost:8080/web/test/json.do

JSON 数据

{
    "id":"1",
    "name":"iuie",
    "age":22,
    "contactInfos":[
        {
            "name":"zhang",
            "phoneNumber":12345656"
        }
    ]
}