ListView

列表的三个元素：
1.ListView来展示的View。
2.适配器 用来把数据展示到ListView的中介。
3.数据 具体的将被映射的字符串，图片，或者基本组件。

根据适配器，可分为三种：ArrayAdapter，SimpleAdapter和SimpleCursorAdapter。

1. ArrayAdapter仅能展示一行字

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ListView listView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        ListAdapter adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,getData());
        listView.setAdapter( adapter);
    }

    private List<String> getData(){
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("数据1");
        list.add("数据2");
        list.add("数据3");
        return list;
    }
}

使用ArrayAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List objects)来装配数据

1. SimpleAdapter有最好的扩展性，可以自定义各种效果
   创建listview_item.xml

   对于不带Button的ListView

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:background="@color/colorPrimary"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/item_img"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_margin="5dp"/>

    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/item_title"
            android:textColor="#fff"
            android:textSize="22sp"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/item_info"
            android:textColor="#fff"
            android:textSize="15sp"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

主Activity：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ListView listView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);

        SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,getData(),R.layout.listview_item,
                new String[]{"title","info","img"},
                new int[]{R.id.item_title,R.id.item_info,R.id.item_img});
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

    private List<Map<String,Object>> getData(){
        List<Map<String,Object>> list =  new ArrayList<>();

        Map<String , Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("title","P1");
        map.put("info","person 1");
        map.put("img",R.drawable.ic_launcher);
        list.add(map);

        map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("title", "p2");
        map.put("info", "person 2");
        map.put("img",R.drawable.icon_marka);
        list.add(map);

        map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("title", "p3");
        map.put("info", "person 3");
        map.put("img",R.drawable.processbar_drawable);
        list.add(map);

        return list;
    }
}

使用SimpleAdapter一般使用HashMap构成的list，list的每一行对应ListView的每一行。HashMap的每个键值数据对应到每个布局文件对应id组件上。因为系统没有对应布局文件可用，我们需要自己定义布局文件listview_item.xml。

SimpleAdapter(this,getData(),R.layout.listview_item,
    new String[]{"title","info","img"},
    new int[]{R.id.item_title,R.id.item_info,R.id.item_img})
/**
*  this,布局文件,HashMap的键,布局文件组件id
*  布局文件的组件分别映射到HashMap的各元素上，完成适配
*/

**对于带Button的ListView**
因为Button无法映射，所以即使布局文件写出了Button，但也无法相应动作，要自己写个类继承自BaseAdapter。
布局文件（上一个布局加个Button）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    ......
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/item_btn"
        android:text="Test"
        android:layout_gravity="bottom"
        android:focusable="false" //防止和ListView抢焦点
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>

public class MainActivity extends ListActivity {
    private ListView listView;
    private List<Map<String,Object>> list;

     @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        listView = (ListView) findViewById(android.R.id.list);//主布局文件里面listView的id必须为@+id/android:list
        list = getData();
        MyAdapter adapter = new MyAdapter(this);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
    ......
       public void showInfo(){

        new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
                .setTitle("MyListView")
                .setMessage("介绍...")
                .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

                    }
                }).show();
    }

    public final class ViewHolder{
        public ImageView img;
        public TextView title;
        public TextView info;
        public Button btn;
    }

    public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {

        private LayoutInflater inflater;


        public MyAdapter(Context context){
            this.inflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
        }

        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            return getData().size();
        }

        @Override
        public Object getItem(int position) {
            return list.get(position);
        }

        @Override
        public long getItemId(int position) {
            return position;
        }

        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            ViewHolder viewHolder = null;

            if(convertView==null){
                viewHolder = new ViewHolder();

                convertView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.listview_item,null);
                viewHolder.img = (ImageView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.item_img);
                viewHolder.btn = (Button)convertView.findViewById(R.id.item_btn);
                viewHolder.title = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.item_title);
                viewHolder.info = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.item_info);
                convertView.setTag(viewHolder);
            }
            else{
                viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
            }

            viewHolder.title.setText((String) list.get(position).get("title"));
            viewHolder.img.setImageResource((Integer) list.get(position).get("img"));
            viewHolder.info.setText((String) list.get(position).get("info"));

             viewHolder.btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    showInfo();
                }
           });
            return convertViw;
        }

 }
}       

3. SimpleCursorAdapter是与数据库的简单结合

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ListView listView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver()
                .query(ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI, null, null, null, null);
        if(cursor!=null){
            startManagingCursor(cursor);
        }

        ListAdapter adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,cursor
                ,new String[]{ContactsContract.PhoneLookup.DISPLAY_NAME}
                ,new int[]{android.R.id.text1} );
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
        stopManagingCursor(cursor);
    }
}