这两个函数是最通用的I/O函数。实际上我们甚至可以说用recvmsg来代替read、readv、recv和recvfrom。sendmsg也类似。
需要的头文件
#include<sys/socket.h>
函数原型
ssize_t
ssize_t
返回值
出错 -1
参数说明
sockfd 套接字描述符
flags对套接字接口设置
这两个函数把大部分参数封装到一个msghdr结构中:
struct
};
msg_name指向一个套接字结构地址
msg_namelen套接字结构地长度
msg_iov输入输出缓冲区地址
msg_iovlen缓冲区个数
msg_control辅助数据地址
msg_controllen辅助数据长度
msg_flags接收消息的标识
参数使用
msg_name和msg_namelen用于保存当前使用的协议的地址,比如使用了tcp协议、udp协议、UNIX domain协议等.
struct iovc{
void* io_base;//缓冲区空间的基地址
size_t iov_len;//缓冲区空间的长度
}
msg_control字段的也是指向一段内存,msg_controllen是指该内存的总大小长度,通常该内存被用来存储辅助数据,辅助数据可用于一些特殊的处理。msg_control通常指向一个控制消息头部,其结构体如下所示:
struct cmsghdr {
socklen_t cmsg_len; //包含该头部的数据长度
int cmsg_level; //具体的协议标识
int cmsg_type; //协议中的类型
}
举例说明
客户端
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int sockfd;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
sockfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(sockfd<0)
{
printf("Socket created failed.\n");
return -1;
}
servaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port=htons(9966);
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
printf("connecting...\n");
if(connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr))<0)
{
printf("Connect server failed.\n");
return -1;
}
struct msghdr msg;
struct iovec iov[2];
msg.msg_name = &servaddr;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(servaddr);
msg.msg_iov = iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 2;
iov[0].iov_base = "hello\0";
iov[0].iov_len = strlen("hello\0");
iov[1].iov_base = "anyone\0";
iov[1].iov_len = strlen("anyone\0");
msg.msg_control = 0;
msg.msg_controllen = 0;
msg.msg_flags = 0;
int ret = sendmsg(sockfd, &msg, 0);
printf("%d\n",ret);
printf("%s\n",(msg.msg_iov+1)->iov_base);
return 0;
}
服务端
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
int listenfd, connfd;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
socklen_t len;
struct msghdr msg;
struct iovec iov;
char buf[1024];
struct sockaddr_in *cli_msg;
cli_msg = (struct sockaddr_in*)malloc(sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
msg.msg_name = &cli_msg;
msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(cli_msg);
msg.msg_iov = &iov;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
iov.iov_base = buf;
iov.iov_len = 1024;
msg.msg_control = 0;
msg.msg_controllen = 0;
msg.msg_flags = 0;
listenfd=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(listenfd<0)
{
printf("Socket created failed.\n");
return -1;
}
servaddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
servaddr.sin_port=htons(9966);
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);
if(bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr))<0)
{
printf("bind failed.\n");
return -1;
}
printf("listening....\n");
listen(listenfd, 5);
while(1)
{
len = sizeof(cliaddr);
connfd=accept(listenfd,(struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr,&len);
int n = recvmsg(connfd, &msg, 0);
cli_msg = (struct sockaddr_in*)msg.msg_name;
char ip[16];
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(cli_msg->sin_addr), ip, sizeof(ip));
printf("recv %s is %d \n",ip, n);
printf("%s\n", msg.msg_iov->iov_base);
close(connfd);
}
}