Android开发之Service与IntentService的区别与使用场景（源代码剖析）

    public class HelloIntentService extends IntentService {  
      
      /** 
       * A constructor is required, and must call the super IntentService(String) 
       * constructor with a name for the worker thread. 
       */  
      public HelloIntentService() {  
          super("HelloIntentService");  
      }  
      
      /** 
       * The IntentService calls this method from the default worker thread with 
       * the intent that started the service. When this method returns, IntentService 
       * stops the service, as appropriate. 
       */  
      @Override  
      protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {  
          // Normally we would do some work here, like download a file.  
          // For our sample, we just sleep for 5 seconds.  
          long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5*1000;  
          while (System.currentTimeMillis() < endTime) {  
              synchronized (this) {  
                  try {  
                      wait(endTime - System.currentTimeMillis());  
                  } catch (Exception e) {  
                  }  
              }  
          }  
      }  
    }  

因为最大部分的service不需要同时处理多个请求(处理多个请求是一个比较危险的多线程的场景),这样在在这种情况下呢，最好使用IntentService类如果你实现你的服务。

  使用intentService与service有什么不同呢

 （1）直接 创建一个默认的工作线程,该线程执行所有的intent传递给onStartCommand()区别于应用程序的主线程。

 （2）直接创建一个工作队列,将一个意图传递给你onHandleIntent()的实现,所以我们就永远不必担心多线程。

 （3）当请求完成后自己会调用stopSelf()，所以你就不用调用该方法了。

 （4）提供的默认实现onBind()返回null，所以也不需要重写这个方法。so easy啊

 （5）提供了一个默认实现onStartCommand(),将意图工作队列,然后发送到你onHandleIntent()实现。真是太方便了

   我们需要做的就是实现onHandlerIntent()方法，还有一点就是经常被遗忘的，构造函数是必需的,而且必须调用超IntentService(字符串) ，因为工作线程的构造函数必须使用一个名称。如何实现呢，我们借助于谷歌官方文档来看一下吧。

    public class HelloIntentService extends IntentService {  
      
      /** 
       * A constructor is required, and must call the super IntentService(String) 
       * constructor with a name for the worker thread. 
       */  
      public HelloIntentService() {  
          super("HelloIntentService");  
      }  
      
      /** 
       * The IntentService calls this method from the default worker thread with 
       * the intent that started the service. When this method returns, IntentService 
       * stops the service, as appropriate. 
       */  
      @Override  
      protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {  
          // Normally we would do some work here, like download a file.  
          // For our sample, we just sleep for 5 seconds.  
          long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5*1000;  
          while (System.currentTimeMillis() < endTime) {  
              synchronized (this) {  
                  try {  
                      wait(endTime - System.currentTimeMillis());  
                  } catch (Exception e) {  
                  }  
              }  
          }  
      }  
    }  

那么它为什么不用stopself()方法呢，我们看一下自身的源代码把

    public abstract class IntentService extends Service {  
        private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;  
        private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;  
        private String mName;  
        private boolean mRedelivery;  
      
        private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {  
            public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {  
                super(looper);  
            }  
      
            @Override  
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {  
                onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);  
                stopSelf(msg.arg1);  
            }  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor. 
         * 
         * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging. 
         */  
        public IntentService(String name) {  
            super();  
            mName = name;  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Sets intent redelivery preferences.  Usually called from the constructor 
         * with your preferred semantics. 
         * 
         * <p>If enabled is true, 
         * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return 
         * {@link Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT}, so if this process dies before 
         * {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)} returns, the process will be restarted 
         * and the intent redelivered.  If multiple Intents have been sent, only 
         * the most recent one is guaranteed to be redelivered. 
         * 
         * <p>If enabled is false (the default), 
         * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return 
         * {@link Service#START_NOT_STICKY}, and if the process dies, the Intent 
         * dies along with it. 
         */  
        public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {  
            mRedelivery = enabled;  
        }  
      
        @Override  
        public void onCreate() {  
            // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock  
            // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)  
            // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.  
      
            super.onCreate();  
            HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");  
            thread.start();  
      
            mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();  
            mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);  
        }  
      
        @Override  
        public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {  
            Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();  
            msg.arg1 = startId;  
            msg.obj = intent;  
            mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead, 
         * override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService 
         * receives a start request. 
         * @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand 
         */  
        @Override  
        public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {  
            onStart(intent, startId);  
            return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;  
        }  
      
        @Override  
        public void onDestroy() {  
            mServiceLooper.quit();  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this 
         * method, because the default implementation returns null.  
         * @see android.app.Service#onBind 
         */  
        @Override  
        public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {  
            return null;  
        }  
      
        /** 
         * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process. 
         * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a 
         * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic. 
         * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to 
         * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else. 
         * When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself, 
         * so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}. 
         * 
         * @param intent The value passed to {@link 
         *               android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}. 
         */  
        protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);  
    }  

我们可以看到源代码里头的第15行handlerMessage方法里当处理完请求后就会调用stopself()方法了，外界就不用调用了，此外还有一点我们可以看到代码最后一行第110行，onhandleIntent()是一个抽象类，而其他类都是抽象类，所以我们就可以理解为什么只需要重写onhandleIntent()方法了吧。