View体系（七）理解 MeasureSpec

MeasureSpec是View的内部类，MeasureSpec 封装了从父级传递到子级的测量要求。每个 MeasureSpec 代表对宽度或高度的要求。 MeasureSpec 由大小和模式两部分组成。

更详细的说明请看 Google官方文档

下面是MeasureSpec的源码：（基于Android 12）

    public static class MeasureSpec {
        private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
        private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;

        public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;

        public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;

        public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;

        public static int makeMeasureSpec(@IntRange(from = 0, to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,
                                          @MeasureSpecMode int mode) {
            if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
                return size + mode;
            } else {
                return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
            }
        }

        public static int makeSafeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
            if (sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec && mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
                return 0;
            }
            return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
        }

        public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
            return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
        }

        public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
            return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
        }

        static int adjust(int measureSpec, int delta) {
            final int mode = getMode(measureSpec);
            int size = getSize(measureSpec);
            if (mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
                return makeMeasureSpec(size, UNSPECIFIED);
            }
            size += delta;
            if (size < 0) {
                Log.e(VIEW_LOG_TAG, "MeasureSpec.adjust: new size would be negative! (" + size +
                        ") spec: " + toString(measureSpec) + " delta: " + delta);
                size = 0;
            }
            return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
        }

        public static String toString(int measureSpec) {
            int mode = getMode(measureSpec);
            int size = getSize(measureSpec);

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("MeasureSpec: ");

            if (mode == UNSPECIFIED)
                sb.append("UNSPECIFIED ");
            else if (mode == EXACTLY)
                sb.append("EXACTLY ");
            else if (mode == AT_MOST)
                sb.append("AT_MOST ");
            else
                sb.append(mode).append(" ");

            sb.append(size);
            return sb.toString();
        }
    }

从源码可以看出，它代表了32位int值，其中高2位代表mode，低30位代表size。mode指测量模式，size指测量值。mode有3种模式：

• UNSPECIFIED：未指定模式，父View没有对子View施加任何限制。它可以是任何它想要的大小。

• EXACTLY：精确模式，父View已经确定了子View的确切尺寸。无论子View想要多大，都将获得这些界限。

• AT_MOST：最大模式，子View可以根据需要达到指定的最大的大小。

makeMeasureSpec用来保存宽和高的信息，getMode用来获取测量模式，getSize用来获取测量大小。

MeasureSpec受自身LayoutParams和父View的MeasureSpec共同影响。作为顶层View的DecorView来说，其并没有父View，那它的MeasureSpec是如何得来的呢？我们回到ViewRootImpl的performTraversals方法：

                if (!mStopped || wasReportNextDraw) {
                boolean focusChangedDueToTouchMode = ensureTouchModeLocally(
                        (relayoutResult&WindowManagerGlobal.RELAYOUT_RES_IN_TOUCH_MODE) != 0);
                if (focusChangedDueToTouchMode || mWidth != host.getMeasuredWidth()
                        || mHeight != host.getMeasuredHeight() || dispatchApplyInsets ||
                        updatedConfiguration) {
                    int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);//1
                    int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);

                    if (DEBUG_LAYOUT) Log.v(mTag, "Ooops, something changed!  mWidth="
                            + mWidth + " measuredWidth=" + host.getMeasuredWidth()
                            + " mHeight=" + mHeight
                            + " measuredHeight=" + host.getMeasuredHeight()
                            + " dispatchApplyInsets=" + dispatchApplyInsets);

                    performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);//2

再看注释1处的getRootMeasureSpec方法：

    private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
        int measureSpec;
        switch (rootDimension) {

        case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            break;
        case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
            break;
        default:
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            break;
        }
        return measureSpec;
    }

第一个参数windowSize指窗口的尺寸，所以对于DecorView来说，它的MeasureSpec由自身的LayoutParams和窗口的尺寸决定，这一点和普通的View是不同的。
再回到上面看注释2处的performMeasure方法：

    private void performMeasure(int childWidthMeasureSpec, int childHeightMeasureSpec) {
        if (mView == null) {
            return;
        }
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "measure");
        try {
            mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);//1
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
        }
    }

注释1处调用了mView.measure方法，进入了view的measure流程。

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