本文通过现实生活的例子引出重定向和请求转发,通过图解的方式讲解了整执行流程,希望可以帮助到大家
区别
序号 | 问题 | 重定向 | 请求转发 |
1 | 第二次请求谁请求的? | 浏览器 | 服务器 |
2 | 浏览器发送了几次请求? | 2次以上 | 1次 |
3 | servlet可以共享request吗? | 不可以 | 可以 |
4 | 地址栏是否发生改变? | 是 | 不是 |
5 | 浏览器地址栏显示的哪一次访问地址? | 最后一次 | 第一次 |
6 | 可以跳转到什么资源? | 任意资源 | 项目内部 |
7 | 第二次的请求路径是? | 绝对路径 | 内部路径 |
如果servlet执行流程不清楚可以查看我的另外个文章:
https://blog.csdn.net/u010452388/article/details/80395679
现实生活的例子
重定向
①:A对B说,帮忙拿下快递
②:B对A说,没有空,你找下C吧
③:A对C说,帮忙拿下快递
④:C然后拿了快递给A
请求转发
①:A对B说,帮忙拿下快递
②:第二步,B没有空,直接找让C帮A拿下快递
③:C拿到了快递并返回给A
重定向-流程图、代码、结果
1.流程图
2.1代码BoyServlet
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class BoyServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取请求携带的id
String id = request.getParameter("id");
System.out.println("A对B说:帮我拿下快递,id号是:" + id);
System.out.println("B对A说:我没有空,你找下C");
System.out.println("----分割线----");
// 重定向方式1:
response.setStatus(302);
response.setHeader("location", "/redirect/girl");
// 重定向方式2:(正常用此方法)
// response.sendRedirect("/redirect/girl");
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
2.2代码GirlServlet
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class GirlServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置浏览器解析的格式,否则浏览器会出现乱码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//获取请求携带的id
String id = request.getParameter("id");
System.out.println("A对C说,帮我拿下快递,id号是:"+id);
System.out.println("拿到快递了");
//获取输出流
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
//将信息返回给浏览器
writer.println("拿到快递了");
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
2.3web.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>redirect</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<description></description>
<display-name>BoyServlet</display-name>
<servlet-name>BoyServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.redirect.BoyServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>BoyServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/boy</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<description></description>
<display-name>GirlServlet</display-name>
<servlet-name>GirlServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.redirect.GirlServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>GirlServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/girl</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
3.结果
3.1浏览器输入
3.2浏览器返回结果
3.3控制台打印结果
请求转发-流程图、代码、结果
1.流程图
2.1代码BoyServlet
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class BoyServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取请求携带的id
String id = request.getParameter("id");
System.out.println("A对B说:帮我拿下快递,id号是:" + id);
System.out.println("B对A说:好的");
System.out.println("----分割线----");
//---后面B直接在服务器将请求转发给C---
//获取转发对象,后面括号指定了转发的路径
RequestDispatcher dispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/girl");
//执行转发功能,并将请求和响应一并转发过去
dispatcher.forward(request, response);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
2.2代码GirlServlet
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class GirlServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 设置浏览器解析的格式,否则浏览器会出现乱码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
// 获取请求携带的id
String id = request.getParameter("id");
System.out.println("B对C说:帮A拿下快递,id号是:" + id);
System.out.println("拿到快递了");
// 获取输出流
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
// 将信息返回给浏览器
writer.println("拿到快递了");
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
2.3web.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>dispatcher</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<description></description>
<display-name>BoyServlet</display-name>
<servlet-name>BoyServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.dispatcher.BoyServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>BoyServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/boy</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<description></description>
<display-name>GirlServlet</display-name>
<servlet-name>GirlServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.dispatcher.GirlServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>GirlServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/girl</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
3.结果
3.1浏览器输入
3.2浏览器返回结果
3.3控制台结果