系列教程--Linux基础--16--XFS 文件系统备份和恢复

本节概要

  交互式备份

  非交互式备份

  文件系统恢复

  文件克隆

环境准备

  操作系统： Centos6.5、Centos7.2

一、文件系统备份

1. xfsdump 简介

为防止文件被误删，或者分区被破坏可以对分区进行备份，出现问题时使用已经存在的备份进行数据的恢复。

  备份命令：xfsdump

  参数：

-f  备份到指定的路径

-l  指定备份等级，0为全量备份，1-9为增量备份。

-L 备份标签

-M 设备标签

2. xfsdump安装

 [root@node1 ~]# yum install -y xfsdump

 [root@node1 ~]# yum install -y xfsprogs-devel

3. 环境准备

新加一块磁盘，格式化为xfs文件系统，并挂载到/xfs 路径下。

添加分区：

格式化分区：

挂载分区：

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /xfs

[root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /xfs

添加测试文件：

[root@node1 ~]# df -h

Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/cl-root   47G  3.9G   44G   9% /

devtmpfs             473M     0  473M   0% /dev

tmpfs                489M     0  489M   0% /dev/shm

tmpfs                489M  7.0M  482M   2% /run

tmpfs                489M     0  489M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/sda1           1014M  173M  842M  18% /boot

tmpfs                 98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0

/dev/sdb1           1014M   33M  982M   4% /xfs

[root@node1 ~]# cd /xfs

[root@node1 xfs]# ls

[root@node1 xfs]# mkdir dir1

[root@node1 xfs]# echo xfsdump test > f1

[root@node1 xfs]# ll

total 4

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  6 Jun 21 01:32 dir1

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 Jun 21 01:32 f1

4. 交互式备份

备份/xfs整个目录到/tmp/tmp-xfs：

[root@node1 xfs]# xfsdump -f /tmp/tmp-xfs /xfs

xfsdump: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy

xfsdump: version 3.1.7 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control

 ============================= dump label dialog ==============================

please enter label for this dump session (timeout in 300 sec)

 -> xfs    #备份标签

session label entered: "xfs"

 --------------------------------- end dialog ---------------------------------

xfsdump: level 0 dump of node1:/xfs

xfsdump: dump date: Thu Jun 21 01:36:33 2018

xfsdump: session id: 0f3c602a-451f-43c8-95a2-5b93e772c65a

xfsdump: session label: "xfs"

xfsdump: ino map phase 1: constructing initial dump list

xfsdump: ino map phase 2: skipping (no pruning necessary)

xfsdump: ino map phase 3: skipping (only one dump stream)

xfsdump: ino map construction complete

xfsdump: estimated dump size: 25536 bytes

xfsdump: /var/lib/xfsdump/inventory created

 ============================= media label dialog =============================

please enter label for media in drive 0 (timeout in 300 sec)

 -> sdb1  #设备标签

media label entered: "sdb1"

 --------------------------------- end dialog ---------------------------------

xfsdump: creating dump session media file 0 (media 0, file 0)

xfsdump: dumping ino map

xfsdump: dumping directories

xfsdump: dumping non-directory files

xfsdump: ending media file

xfsdump: media file size 22176 bytes

xfsdump: dump size (non-dir files) : 544 bytes

xfsdump: dump complete: 51 seconds elapsed

xfsdump: Dump Summary:

xfsdump:   stream 0 /tmp/tmp-xfs OK (success)

xfsdump: Dump Status: SUCCESS

查看备份是否成功：

[root@node1 ~]# ll /tmp/tmp-xfs

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22176 Jun 21 01:37 /tmp/tmp-xfs

5. 非交互式备份

交互式备份适用于手动操作时，不适合放在脚本中或者计划任务中进行，此时可以使用非交互式的备份方式进行代替。

非交互式方式备份/xfs到/tmp/tmp-xfs2

[root@node1 ~]# xfsdump -f /tmp/tmp-xfs2 /xfs -L tmp-xfs2 -M sdb1

xfsdump: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy

xfsdump: version 3.1.7 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control

xfsdump: level 0 dump of node1:/xfs

xfsdump: dump date: Thu Jun 21 04:25:06 2018

xfsdump: session id: a746b3b1-ed76-485a-9802-299335e054aa

xfsdump: session label: "tmp-xfs2"

xfsdump: ino map phase 1: constructing initial dump list

xfsdump: ino map phase 2: skipping (no pruning necessary)

xfsdump: ino map phase 3: skipping (only one dump stream)

xfsdump: ino map construction complete

xfsdump: estimated dump size: 25536 bytes

xfsdump: creating dump session media file 0 (media 0, file 0)

xfsdump: dumping ino map

xfsdump: dumping directories

xfsdump: dumping non-directory files

xfsdump: ending media file

xfsdump: media file size 22176 bytes

xfsdump: dump size (non-dir files) : 544 bytes

xfsdump: dump complete: 0 seconds elapsed

xfsdump: Dump Summary:

xfsdump:   stream 0 /tmp/tmp-xfs2 OK (success)

xfsdump: Dump Status: SUCCESS

-L  备份标签

-M 设备标签

查看备份：

[root@node1 ~]# ll /tmp/tmp-xfs2

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 22176 Jun 21 04:25 /tmp/tmp-xfs2

二、文件系统恢复

  文件系统恢复需要借助于xfsdump备份的文件。

  命令 xfsrestore

  参数：

-l  查询备份数据

-f  指定需要使用的备份文档

-L  指定备份标签

-s  指定需要恢复的特定的目录或者文档

-I  进入交互模式

1. 删除分区

删除分区，模拟分区故障

[root@node1 ~]# rm -rf /dev/sdb1

[root@node1 ~]# ls /xfs   #分区被删除后目录已空

2. 文件系统恢复

使用备份/tmp/tmp-xfs恢复文件系统

[root@node1 ~]# xfsrestore -f /tmp/tmp-xfs /xfs

xfsrestore: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy

xfsrestore: version 3.1.7 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control

xfsrestore: searching media for dump

xfsrestore: examining media file 0

xfsrestore: dump description:

xfsrestore: hostname: node1

xfsrestore: mount point: /xfs

xfsrestore: volume: /dev/sdb1

xfsrestore: session time: Thu Jun 21 01:36:33 2018

xfsrestore: level: 0

xfsrestore: session label: "xfs"

xfsrestore: media label: "sdb1"

xfsrestore: file system id: db1d1feb-9012-4bac-b151-f7f150886efc

xfsrestore: session id: 0f3c602a-451f-43c8-95a2-5b93e772c65a

xfsrestore: media id: 32adad60-9557-4afe-a757-a05c2627bce8

xfsrestore: using online session inventory

xfsrestore: searching media for directory dump

xfsrestore: reading directories

xfsrestore: 2 directories and 2 entries processed

xfsrestore: directory post-processing

xfsrestore: restoring non-directory files

xfsrestore: restore complete: 0 seconds elapsed

xfsrestore: Restore Summary:

xfsrestore:   stream 0 /tmp/tmp-xfs OK (success)

xfsrestore: Restore Status: SUCCESS

查看文件：

[root@node1 ~]# ls /xfs

dir1  f1

[root@node1 ~]# cat /xfs/f1

xfsdump test

除了恢复整个文件系统，也可恢复指定的文件或者目录：

xfsrestore -f /tmp/tmp-xfs  -s /xfs/f1   #恢复单个文件f1         

三、文件克隆

 克隆文件系统或者称为分区的拷贝。

 [root@node1 ~]# mkdir /xfs-back  #目标目录需要提前新建，否则报错

# 将/xfs中所有文件克隆岛/xfs-back

[root@node1 ~]# xfsdump - /xfs | xfsrestore - /xfs-back

xfsrestore: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy

xfsrestore: version 3.1.7 (dump format 3.0)

xfsdump: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy

xfsdump: version 3.1.7 (dump format 3.0)

xfsdump: level 0 dump of node1:/xfs

xfsdump: dump date: Thu Jun 21 04:50:06 2018

xfsdump: session id: 8fcc75b8-62fd-4f0b-9550-371f1c70d0d8

xfsdump: session label: ""

xfsrestore: searching media for dump

xfsdump: ino map phase 1: constructing initial dump list

xfsdump: ino map phase 2: skipping (no pruning necessary)

xfsdump: ino map phase 3: skipping (only one dump stream)

xfsdump: ino map construction complete

xfsdump: estimated dump size: 25536 bytes

xfsdump: creating dump session media file 0 (media 0, file 0)

xfsdump: dumping ino map

xfsdump: dumping directories

xfsdump: dumping non-directory files

xfsdump: ending media file

xfsdump: media file size 22176 bytes

xfsdump: dump size (non-dir files) : 544 bytes

xfsdump: dump complete: 0 seconds elapsed

xfsdump: Dump Status: SUCCESS

xfsrestore: examining media file 0

xfsrestore: dump description:

xfsrestore: hostname: node1

xfsrestore: mount point: /xfs

xfsrestore: volume: /dev/sdb1

xfsrestore: session time: Thu Jun 21 04:50:06 2018

xfsrestore: level: 0

xfsrestore: session label: ""

xfsrestore: media label: ""

xfsrestore: file system id: db1d1feb-9012-4bac-b151-f7f150886efc

xfsrestore: session id: 8fcc75b8-62fd-4f0b-9550-371f1c70d0d8

xfsrestore: media id: faaeb1cb-6435-475d-8320-e982efb39bd6

xfsrestore: searching media for directory dump

xfsrestore: reading directories

xfsrestore: 2 directories and 2 entries processed

xfsrestore: directory post-processing

xfsrestore: restoring non-directory files

xfsrestore: restore complete: 0 seconds elapsed

xfsrestore: Restore Status: SUCCESS

[root@node1 ~]# ls /xfs-back/

dir1  f1

也可克隆单个的文件或者目录。

四、拓展

1. 查询ext3、ext4文件系统的恢复方法，并操作。