首先需要有一个生成字符串类,如下:
public class SecurityCode {
/**
* 验证码难度级别,Simple只包含数字,Medium包含数字和小写英文,Hard包含数字和大小写英文
*/
public enum SecurityCodeLevel {Simple,Medium,Hard};
/**
* 产生默认验证码,4位中等难度
* @return String 验证码
*/
public static String getSecurityCode(){
return getSecurityCode(4,SecurityCodeLevel.Medium,false);
}
/**
* 产生长度和难度任意的验证码
* @param length 长度
* @param level 难度级别
* @param isCanRepeat 是否能够出现重复的字符,如果为true,则可能出现 5578这样包含两个5,如果为false,则不可能出现这种情况
* @return String 验证码
*/
public static String getSecurityCode(int length,SecurityCodeLevel level,boolean isCanRepeat){
//随机抽取len个字符
int len=length;
//字符集合(除去易混淆的数字0、数字1、字母l、字母o、字母O)
char[] codes={'1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9',
'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i',
'j','k','m','n','p','q','r','s','t',
'u','v','w','x','y','z','A','B','C',
'D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L',
'M','N','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V',
'W','X','Y','Z'};
//根据不同的难度截取字符数组
if(level==SecurityCodeLevel.Simple){
codes=Arrays.copyOfRange(codes, 0,9);
}else if(level==SecurityCodeLevel.Medium){
codes=Arrays.copyOfRange(codes, 0,33);
}
//字符集合长度
int n=codes.length;
//抛出运行时异常
if(len>n&&isCanRepeat==false){
throw new RuntimeException(
String.format("调用SecurityCode.getSecurityCode(%1$s,%2$s,%3$s)出现异常," +
"当isCanRepeat为%3$s时,传入参数%1$s不能大于%4$s",
len,level,isCanRepeat,n));
}
//存放抽取出来的字符
char[] result=new char[len];
//判断能否出现重复的字符
if(isCanRepeat){
for(int i=0;i<result.length;i++){
//索引 0 and n-1
int r=(int)(Math.random()*n);
//将result中的第i个元素设置为codes[r]存放的数值
result[i]=codes[r];
}
}else{
for(int i=0;i<result.length;i++){
//索引 0 and n-1
int r=(int)(Math.random()*n);
//将result中的第i个元素设置为codes[r]存放的数值
result[i]=codes[r];
//必须确保不会再次抽取到那个字符,因为所有抽取的字符必须不相同。
//因此,这里用数组中的最后一个字符改写codes[r],并将n减1
codes[r]=codes[n-1];
n--;
}
}
return String.valueOf(result);
}
}
然后有一个将指定字符串生成图片的类,如下:
public class SecurityImage {
/**
* 生成验证码图片
* @param securityCode 验证码字符
* @return BufferedImage 图片
*/
public static BufferedImage createImage(String securityCode){
//验证码长度
int codeLength=securityCode.length();
//字体大小
int fSize = 15;
int fWidth = fSize + 1;
//图片宽度
int width = codeLength * fWidth + 6 ;
//图片高度
int height = fSize * 2 + 1;
//图片
BufferedImage image=new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
Graphics g=image.createGraphics();
//设置背景色
g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
//填充背景
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
//设置边框颜色
g.setColor(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);
//边框字体样式
g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, height - 2));
//绘制边框
g.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height -1);
//绘制噪点
Random rand = new Random();
//设置噪点颜色
g.setColor(Color.LIGHT_GRAY);
for(int i = 0;i < codeLength * 6;i++){
int x = rand.nextInt(width);
int y = rand.nextInt(height);
//绘制1*1大小的矩形
g.drawRect(x, y, 1, 1);
}
//绘制验证码
int codeY = height - 10;
//设置字体颜色和样式
g.setColor(new Color(19,148,246));
g.setFont(new Font("Georgia", Font.BOLD, fSize));
for(int i = 0; i < codeLength;i++){
g.drawString(String.valueOf(securityCode.charAt(i)), i * 16 + 5, codeY);
}
//关闭资源
g.dispose();
return image;
}
/**
* 返回验证码图片的流格式
* @param securityCode 验证码
* @return ByteArrayInputStream 图片流
*/
public static ByteArrayInputStream getImageAsInputStream(String securityCode){
BufferedImage image = createImage(securityCode);
return convertImageToStream(image);
}
/**
* 将BufferedImage转换成ByteArrayInputStream
* @param image 图片
* @return ByteArrayInputStream 流
*/
private static ByteArrayInputStream convertImageToStream(BufferedImage image){
ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
JPEGImageEncoder jpeg = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(bos);
try {
jpeg.encode(image);
byte[] bts = bos.toByteArray();
inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bts);
} catch (ImageFormatException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return inputStream;
}
}
然后我们使用struts2获得验证码数据流,action类如下:
public class RegisterAction extends ActionSupport implements SessionAware{
//Struts2中Map类型的session
private Map<String, Object> session;
//图片流
private ByteArrayInputStream imageStream;
public ByteArrayInputStream getImageStream() {
return imageStream;
}
public void setImageStream(ByteArrayInputStream imageStream) {
this.imageStream = imageStream;
}
public String execute(){
//如果开启Hard模式,可以不区分大小写
// String securityCode = SecurityCode.getSecurityCode(4,SecurityCodeLevel.Hard, false).toLowerCase();
//获取默认难度和长度的验证码
String securityCode = SecurityCode.getSecurityCode();
System.out.println(securityCode);
imageStream = SecurityImage.getImageAsInputStream(securityCode);
//放入session中
session.put("SESSION_SECURITY_CODE", securityCode);
return SUCCESS;
}
}
struts.xml中相关代码配置如下:
<action name="SecurityCode_getImage" class="jy.action.SecurityCodeAction" method="getImage"> <result name="success1" type="stream"> <param name="contentType">image/jpeg</param> <param name="inputName">imageStream</param> <param name="bufferSize">2048</param> </result> </action>
前端页面代码如下:
<a href="javascript:void(0);"><img
src="SecurityCode_getImage.action" title="刷新图片" width="160"
height="40" id="51bda9774d01427c857a3e91fe23f722" border="0">
</a><a id="changeimage" href="javascript:void(0);">换一张</a>
jQuery代码如下:
$(document).ready(
function() {
//点击图片更换验证码
$("#changeimage,#51bda9774d01427c857a3e91fe23f722").click(
function() {
$("#51bda9774d01427c857a3e91fe23f722").attr(
"src",
"SecurityCode_getImage.action?timestamp="
+ new Date().getTime());
});
});
效果如图:
随记