Maven使用介绍（三）

再介绍几个其它命令：

1. mvn site ： 为你的project创建一个站点
2. mvn clean： 清除target目录下的所有文件
3. mvn eclipse:eclipse ：为project生成eclipse的工程文件和classpath文件

 

build lifecycle & build phase & goal

maven有一套build的生命周期，是按照一套顺序走下来的，这一套顺序就叫一个生命周期(lifecycle)。maven内置三种生命周期：default, clean 和 site。一个生命周期分为多个build phase，下面是default生命周期全部的build phase：

• validate：validate the project is correct and all necessary information is available.
• initialize：initialize build state, e.g. set properties or create directories.
• generate-sources：generate any source code for inclusion in compilation.
• process-sources：process the source code, for example to filter any values.
• generate-resources：generate resources for inclusion in the package.
• process-resources：copy and process the resources into the destination directory, ready for packaging.
• compile：compile the source code of the project.
• process-classes：post-process the generated files from compilation, for example to do bytecode enhancement on Java classes.
• generate-test-sources：generate any test source code for inclusion in compilation.
• process-test-sources：process the test source code, for example to filter any values.
• generate-test-resources：create resources for testing.
• process-test-resources：copy and process the resources into the test destination directory.
• test-compile：compile the test source code into the test destination directory
• process-test-classes：post-process the generated files from test compilation, for example to do bytecode enhancement on Java classes. For Maven 2.0.5 and above.
• test：run tests using a suitable unit testing framework. These tests should not require the code be packaged or deployed.
• prepare-package：perform any operations necessary to prepare a package before the actual packaging. This often results in an unpacked, processed version of the package. (Maven 2.1 and above)
• package：take the compiled code and package it in its distributable format, such as a JAR.
• pre-integration-test：perform actions required before integration tests are executed. This may involve things such as setting up the required environment.
• integration-test：process and deploy the package if necessary into an environment where integration tests can be run.
• post-integration-test：perform actions required after integration tests have been executed. This may including cleaning up the environment.
• verify：run any checks to verify the package is valid and meets quality criteria.
• install：install the package into the local repository, for use as a dependency in other projects locally.
• deploy：done in an integration or release environment, copies the final package to the remote repository for sharing with other developers and projects.

这些build phase是按照顺序执行的，如果执行后面的build phase，前面的build phase 也会被执行。例如如果执行：

mvn deploy

前面的install、verify一直到validate这些build phase都会执行。

每一个build phase是由goal组成的，一个goal其实就是一个任务，一个goal可以关联到一个build phase也可以不关联到任何build phase 。 不关联到任何phase的goal是可以独立执行的，例如：

mvn clean dependency:copy-dependencies package

上面的命令会导致先执行clean这个phase，然后拷贝依赖项，最后打包。注意，这里clean这个goal是clean这个lifecycle里面的一个goal，所以可以看到不同lifecycle的build phase和goal是可以混合在一起执行的。 如果一个goal被绑定到多个phase上，那么goal就会被执行多次。

phase的顺序是已经固定的，如果一个phase没有绑定到任何goal，那么phase就不会被执行。 一个goal可以通过两种方式绑定到一个phase，一个是指定packaging，另一个就是plugin。