Python入门

1.基础类型

参考资料：官方文档 https://docs.python.org/3.6/tutorial/inputoutput.html

直接上代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#基础类型
#Python 没有变量和类型标志，这是真的爽 java 是要 类型+变量名，例如 int intNumber=3; php是 $变量名，例如$a=3;

number = 15/3 #除法返回的是float类型
print(" 15/3=", number)
print ("15/3={}".format(number))
print ("15/3={number}".format(number=number))

number = 15//3 # floor division discards the fractional part
print(" 15//3=", number)

number = 2+2
print(" 2+2 =", number)

number = 5*6
print(" 5*6 =", number)

number = 5**2
print(" 5**2 =", number)

#字符串
str = "eggs"
print("str="+str)
print("str=", str)

str = 'First Line"我在双引号里" '
print("str=", str);
str = " c:\some\name"; #\n会转移
print("str=", str)
str = r'c:\some\name'; #加r不会转移了
print("r'c:\some\name", str)
str = r"c:\some\name"; #加r不会转移了
print(r"c:\some\name=", str)
str = """超级多行而且换行的字符串
超级多行而且换行的字符串"""
print("""超级长的串=""",str)

str = 3*"test"# 比较牛逼的地方
print('3*"test="'+str)

"""
 +---+---+---+---+---+---+
 | P | y | t | h | o | n |
 +---+---+---+---+---+---+
 0   1   2   3   4   5   6
-6  -5  -4  -3  -2  -1
"""
str = "python"
print("str="+str+", str[:2]="+str[:2])  # 不填默认是从头开始
print("str="+str+", str[-6:]="+str[-6:]) # 注意("str[-6:0]")不能得到结果
# str[0] = 'j' #Jpython???
str = 'J'+str[1:]
print("str="+str+", str="+str)
print("str="+str+", len(str)=", len(str))


# 列表,也可以理解为数组
array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
array2 = [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
print("array+array2=", array+array2)
array[1] = 0
print("array=", array)
array.append(6)
print("after array.append(6),array=", array)
# remove方法

print("array=", array)
array[2:]=[]
print("after[2:]=", array)

array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
array[3:3]=[]
print("array[3:3]=",array)

# 数组内容可以是任意类型的数据，包括数组自己
newArray = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]] # 可以理解是一个二维数组 [[[ ]]] 是三维数组
print ("newArray=", newArray[0])

2.if和for逻辑处理

a, b = 0, 1
print ("a=", a, "b=", b)
while b < 10:
    print("b=", b, end=",")
    a, b = b, a + b
print();
#x = int(input("please enter an itneger:"))
x = 5
if x < 0:
    x = 0
    print("值变成为0")
elif x == 0:
    print('Zero')
elif x == 1:
    print('Single')
else:
    print("More")

words = ["cats", "window"]
for w in words:
    print(w, len(w),end=",")

for i in range(5):
    print("i=", i, end=",")

a = [1, 2, 3, 4,  5]
for i in range(len(a)):
    print("a[{}]={}".format(i,a[i]), end=",")
print()
for i in range(len(a)):
    if i == 2:
        continue
    if i == 3:
        break
    print("a[{}]={}".format(i, a[i]))

3.方法

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
def fib(n):
    a, b =0 , 1
    while a < n:
        print(a, end=",")
        a, b = b, a+b
    print()
fib(3)

i = 5
def f( arg = i )  :
    print("args=",arg)
i = 6
f();

print(list(range(3,6)))

4.数据结构

#ArrayApi

from collections import deque

fruits = ['orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'banana', 'kiwi', 'apple', 'banana']

print(fruits.count('apple'))
print(fruits.index('banana', 4)) #从位置为4后开始寻找
fruits.reverse()
print(fruits)

stack = [3, 4, 5]
stack.append(6)
stack.append(7)
print("stack={}".format(stack))

print("stack.pop()={}".format(stack.pop()))
print("stack={}".format(stack))

queue = deque(["Eric", "John", "Michael"])
queue.append("Terry")
print(queue)
queue.append("Graham")
print(queue)
queue.popleft()
print(queue)
queue.popleft()
print(queue)

#不可变数组 （）
tup = ([1,2,3],[4,5,6])
print(tup)
print(tup[0])

#集合{}
basket = {'apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana'}
print (basket)
test_set_a = set('123456789')
test_set_b = set('123456')
print("test_set_a={}".format(test_set_a)) #乱序了
print("test_set_a={},b={},a-b={}".format(test_set_a,test_set_b,test_set_a-test_set_b)) #乱序了
print("test_set_a={},b={},a&b={}".format(test_set_a,test_set_b,test_set_a &test_set_b))
print("test_set_a={},b={},a|b={}".format(test_set_a,test_set_b,test_set_a |test_set_b))
print("test_set_a={},b={},a^b={}".format(test_set_a,test_set_b,test_set_a ^test_set_b))

#字典，字典是一个Map结构，遵循 key:value方式
tel = {'jack': 4098, 'sape': 4139}
tel['guido'] = 4127
print("tel={}".format(tel))
print ("tel['jack']={}".format(tel['jack']))
#del tel['sape']
print("tel['sape']={}".format(tel['sape']))
tel['irv'] = 4127
print("tel['irv']={}".format(tel['irv']))
print (list(tel.keys()))
print (sorted(tel.keys()) )
#aMap = dict([('sape', 4139), ('guido', 4127), ('jack', 4098)])
aMap = dict(sape=4139, guido=4127, jack=4098)
print(aMap)
knights = {'gallahad': 'the pure', 'robin': 'the brave'}
print(knights)
for k,v in knights.items():
    print("key={},value={}".format(k,v))

5.文件操作

6.数据库操作

持续更新中