kubernetes服务部署中常用控制器

介绍

kubernetes 提供了多种控制器，控制器能够对pod 进行部署、滚动升级、回滚、灰度发布、自愈

先了解下控制

控制器分析

• 部署nginx

kubectl run niginx21--imang=nginx 
# 查看描述
kubect describe pod niginx21

nginx21 上级控制器为： ReplicaSet/nginx21-54bbb4b57

• 查看上级控制器

kubectl describe ReplicaSet/nginx21-54bbb4b57

ReplicaSet/nginx21-54bbb4b57上级控制器 Deployment/nginx21

• 上级控制器

kubectl describe Deployment/nginx21 

层层查找控制器，顶层是 Deploument。kubernetes 节点升级、回滚、自愈等最终由顶级控制器控制

部署一个单pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:  
 name: pod-22
 labels: 
    pod: pod-label
spec:
 containers:
  - image: nginx
    name: ng-pod
status: {}

• 查看

kubectl describe pod pod-22

单个pod 没有任何控制控制

• 测试

# 扩容 nginx-21
[root@guanzc-130 kubernetes]# kubectl  scale --replicas=3 deployment/nginx21
deployment.apps/nginx21 scaled
# 查看
[root@guanzc-130 kubernetes]# kubectl get pod 
NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx01-7fbfd5976c-qb2fs   1/1     Running   2          2d10h
nginx21-54bbb4b57-bpdnc    1/1     Running   0          14m
nginx21-54bbb4b57-brcps    1/1     Running   0          14m
nginx21-54bbb4b57-v6rv2    1/1     Running   0          50m
pod-20                     1/1     Running   1          37h
pod-21                     1/1     Running   1          37h
pod-22                     1/1     Running   1          37h
# 删除pod-22
[root@guanzc-130 kubernetes]# kubectl delete pod pod-22
pod "pod-22" deleted
# 删除nginx-21
[root@guanzc-130 kubernetes]# kubectl delete pod pod-22
pod "pod-22" deleted
[root@guanzc-130 kubernetes]# kubectl delete pod nginx21-54bbb4b57-bpdnc 
pod "nginx21-54bbb4b57-bpdnc" deleted
[root@guanzc-131 ~]# kubectl get pod
NAME                       READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
nginx01-7fbfd5976c-qb2fs   1/1     Running             2          2d10h
nginx21-54bbb4b57-brcps    1/1     Running             0          17m
nginx21-54bbb4b57-qg2gf    0/1     ContainerCreating   0          13s
nginx21-54bbb4b57-v6rv2    1/1     Running             0          54m
pod-20                     1/1     Running             1          37h
pod-21                     1/1     Running             1          37h
[root@guanzc-131 ~]# 
[root@guanzc-130 kubernetes]# kubectl get pod
NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx01-7fbfd5976c-qb2fs   1/1     Running   2          2d10h
nginx21-54bbb4b57-brcps    1/1     Running   0          18m
nginx21-54bbb4b57-qg2gf    1/1     Running   0          37s
nginx21-54bbb4b57-v6rv2    1/1     Running   0          55m
pod-20                     1/1     Running   1          37h
pod-21                     1/1     Running   1          37h
[root@guanzc-130 kubernetes]# 

单pod 永远被删除，受控制器管理，删除后自愈，保证副本为3

• 父子控制优先级
  pod 信息
  
• 修改副本数
  kubectl edit
  
• 查看结果
  
  
  副本数量开始1个，最终是3个，副本总数最终受 deployment 控制

小结

• 由控制器控制的pod， 有自愈能力，pod 挂掉还是删除pod，总能保证节点副本数与配置相同(副本由ReplicaSet保证)
• 单pod不受任何控制器控制，一旦pod 挂掉，不会再恢复。不建议使用单pod 部署应用
• 副本优先级受 Deployment 控制

常用控制器

• Deployment

  自愈、滚动更新、副本、灰度发布、回滚等

• ReplicaSet

  ReplicaSet 常用于pod 自愈，官方建议用 Deployment替代

• ReplicationController

  功能与ReplicaSet 类似，官方建议用 Deployment替代

• StatefulSet

  有状态副本集

• DaemonSet

  daemon方式，每个节点都有

• CronJob

  定时任务

• Jobs

  任务

• Garbage Collection

  垃圾回收

• TTL Controller for Finished Resources

  time to live；自动清理Job

使用ReplicaSet 部署应用

• 获取部署应用yaml

kubectl get all 
#获取yaml,  
kubectl get replicaset.apps/nginx01-7fbfd5976c -o yaml

• 应用部署文件
  nginx-rs.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: ReplicaSet
metadata:
  name: rs-pod
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
     matchLabels:
       pod-label: nginx-rs-test 
  template:
     metadata:
        labels: 
          pod-label: nginx-rs-test
     spec:
       containers:
        - image: nginx
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          name: nginx-rs-01

• 部署

kubectl apply -f nginx-rs.yaml
# 查看
kubectl get pod 

使用 kind: ReplicaSet 部署，只产生了 replicaset.apps 控制器
执行删除操作，pod 会被删除，会自动创建，保持配置的3个副本

replicaset 能保持副本数，但是无法进行滚动升级

滚动升级

• replicaset控制pod 升级
  修改 nginx-rs,yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: ReplicaSet
metadata:
  name: rs-pod
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
     matchLabels:
       pod-label: nginx-rs-test 
  template:
     metadata:
        labels: 
          pod-label: nginx-rs-test
     spec:
       containers:
        - image: tomcat:8
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          name: nginx-rs-01

• 部署查看

kubectl apply -f nginx-rs.yaml

镜像修改为tomcat，升级后镜像为 nginx，并未生效。

以deployment 部署，滚动升级

• 配置文件

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels: 
    run: nginx01
  name: nginx01
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      run: nginxhh
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        run: nginxhh
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginxhh
status: {}

• 升级测试
  将镜像修改为 tomcat:8

kubectl apply -f ngnix-deploy.yml
# 查看
kubectl get pod

最终完成了升级