1. Docker 的基本操作
1.1 Docker 容器的状态机
一个容器在某个时刻可能处于以下几种状态之一:
- created:已经被创建 (使用 docker ps -a 命令可以列出)但是还没有被启动 (使用 docker ps 命令还无法列出)
- running:运行中
- paused:容器的进程被暂停了
- restarting:容器的进程正在重启过程中
- exited:上图中的 stopped 状态,表示容器之前运行过但是现在处于停止状态(要区别于 created 状态,它是指一个新创出的尚未运行过的容器)。可以通过 start 命令使其重新进入 running 状态
- destroyed:容器被删除了,再也不存在了
你可以在 docker inspect 命令的输出中查看其详细状态。
1.2 Docker 命令概述
我们可以把Docker 的命令大概地分类如下:
镜像操作:
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
images List images
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rmi Remove one or more images
search Search the Docker Hub for images
tag Tag an image into a repository
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
history 显示某镜像的历史
inspect 获取镜像的详细信息
容器及其中应用的生命周期操作:
create Create a new container (创建一个容器)
kill Kill one or more running containers
inspect Return low-level information on a container, image or task
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
ps List containers
rm Remove one or more containers (删除一个或者多个容器)
rename Rename a container
restart Restart a container
run Run a command in a new container (创建并启动一个容器)
start Start one or more stopped containers (启动一个处于停止状态的容器)
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics (显示容器实时的资源消耗信息)
stop Stop one or more running containers (停止一个处于运行状态的容器)
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
attach Attach to a running container
exec Run a command in a running container
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
logs 获取容器的日志
容器文件系统操作:
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
Docker registry 操作:
login Log in to a Docker registry.
logout Log out from a Docker registry.
Volume 操作
volume Manage Docker volumes
网络操作
network Manage Docker networks
Swarm 相关操作
swarm Manage Docker Swarm
service Manage Docker services
node Manage Docker Swarm nodes
系统操作:
version Show the Docker version information
events Get real time events from the server (持续返回docker 事件)
info Display system-wide information (显示Docker 主机系统范围内的信息)
docker stop 和 docker kill
在docker stop 命令执行的时候,会先向容器中PID为1的进程发送系统信号 SIGTERM,然后等待容器中的应用程序终止执行,如果等待时间达到设定的超时时间(默认为 10秒,用户可以指定特定超时时长),会继续发送S