Leetcode 726 Number of Atoms

第726题被归类于栈下，主要难点在于括号的处理，我采取的思路是将左括号压栈，然后遇到右括号弹如临时栈，在从临时栈弹回来，弹回来时乘以右括号下的系数。

代码如下（C++）

class Solution {
public:
	string countOfAtoms(string formula) {
		deque<string> atoms;
		deque<int> nums;
		for (int i = 0; i < formula.size(); i++) {
			if (formula[i] == '(')
				atoms.push_back("(");
			else if (formula[i] == ')') {
				if (formula[i + 1] <= '9'&&formula[i + 1] >= '0') {
					int num = 0;
					while (formula[i + 1] <= '9'&&formula[i + 1] >= '0') {
						num = num * 10 + formula[i + 1] - '0';
						i++;
					}
					deque<string> tempatoms;
					deque<int> tempnums;
					while (atoms.back() != "(") {
						tempatoms.push_back(atoms.back());
						tempnums.push_back(nums.back());
						atoms.pop_back();
						nums.pop_back();
					}
					atoms.pop_back();
					while (!tempatoms.empty()) {
						atoms.push_back(tempatoms.back());
						nums.push_back(tempnums.back()*num);
						tempatoms.pop_back();
						tempnums.pop_back();
					}
				}
			}
			else if(formula[i]>='A'&&formula[i]<='Z'){
				string atom;
				atom += formula[i];
				while (formula[i + 1] <= 'z'&&formula[i+1] >= 'a') {
					atom += formula[i + 1];
					i++;
				}
				atoms.push_back(atom);
				if (formula[i + 1] <= '9'&&formula[i + 1] >= '0') {
					int num = 0;
					while (formula[i + 1] <= '9'&&formula[i + 1] >= '0') {
						num = num * 10 + formula[i + 1] - '0';
						i++;
					}
					nums.push_back(num);
				}
				else {
					nums.push_back(1);
				}
			}
		}
		map<string, int> total;
		while (!atoms.empty()) {
			string atom = atoms.back();
			int num = nums.back();
			if (total.find(atom) != total.end())
				total[atom] += num;
			else
				total.insert({ atom,num });
			atoms.pop_back();
			nums.pop_back();
		}
		string res = "";
		for (auto iter = total.begin(); iter != total.end(); iter++) {
			if (iter->second == 1) {
				res += iter->first;
			}
			else {
				res += iter->first;
				int num = iter->second;
				string stringnum = "";
				while (num != 0) {
					stringnum += (num % 10 + '0');
					num = num / 10;
				}
				for (int i = 0; i < stringnum.size(); i++) {
					res += stringnum[stringnum.size()- 1 - i];
				}
			}
		}
		return res;
	}
};

————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————贴一段PKU大佬的代码：http://storypku.com/2017/11/leetcode-question-726-number-of-atoms/

class Solution {
public:
    string countOfAtoms(string formula) {
        int n = formula.size();
        std::map<string, int> stats;
        std::reverse(formula.begin(), formula.end());
        compute(formula, stats);
        string result;
        
        for (auto& kv : stats) {
            result += kv.first;
            if (kv.second > 1) {
                result += std::to_string(kv.second);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
    
private: // K4(ON(SO3)2)2
    void compute(string& formula, std::map<string, int>& stats) {
        int n = formula.size();
        
        std::stack<int> stk; // factor
        stk.push(1);
        
        string elem; // chemical element, e.g., C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, etc.
        int factor = 1; // number of this element, default to 1 if not otherwise specified
        
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            auto& c = formula[i];
            if (isdigit(c)) { // E.g., original 312 was reverse to 213.
                int val = 0, expo = 1;
                do {
                    val += (c - '0') * expo;
                    ++i; expo *= 10;
                } while (isdigit(c = formula[i]));
                factor = val; // explicit number of this element
                
                i -= 1;
            } else if (c == ')') { 
                stk.push(factor * stk.top());
                factor = 1; //            Al(OH)3
            } else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') {
                elem += c;
                std::reverse(elem.begin(), elem.end());
                stats[elem] += factor * stk.top();
                factor = 1;
                elem.clear();
            } else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') {
                elem += c;
            } else { // (c == '(') {  
                stk.pop();  // Ca(OH)2
            } 
        }   
    }
};

首先将atoms字符串反转

K4(ON(SO3)2)22)2)3OS(NO(4K

利用大写字母作为结束标志，相对于原串更容易处理，厉害了