最简单的Struts2项目实例

前言


最近学习Struts的框架,就跟着视频,写了一个简单的Struts框架。


在Myeclipse中创建一个自己的Web项目:


创建Struts


1、引入Libraries



2、写界面


我们,将包引入完成之后,我们就开始写我们的界面。写一个引入界面:Index.jsp:


<span style="font-size:18px;"><%-- <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="GB18030"%> --%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GB18030" %> 
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    
    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
	<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
	<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
	<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
	<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
	<!--
	<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
	-->
  </head>
  
  <body>
	<a href="login.jsp">登录</a>    
  </body>
</html>
</span>

写我们的登陆界面login.jsp:


<span style="font-size:18px;"><%-- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030" --%>
<%--     pageEncoding="GB18030"%> --%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GB18030" %> 
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="login.do" method="post">
		用户:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
		密码:<input type="password" name="password"></br>
		<input type="submit" value="登录">
	</form>
</body>
</html></span>

登陆失败界面login_error.jsp:


<span style="font-size:18px;"><%-- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030" --%>
<%--     pageEncoding="GB18030"%> --%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GB18030" %> 
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<%--  
	<%=request.getAttribute("msg") %>
	--%>
	${msg }
</body>
</html></span>

登陆成功界面login_success.jsp:


<span style="font-size:18px;"><%-- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030" --%>
<%--     pageEncoding="GB18030"%> --%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GB18030" %> 
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	${loginForm.username },登录成功
</body>
</html></span>


目录结构:




3、写Model


我们写ActionForm类这个相当于Model:


<span style="font-size:18px;">package com.bjpowernode.struts;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;

/**
 * 登录ActionForm,负责表单收集数据
 * 表单的属性必须和ActionForm中的get和set的属性一致
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class LoginActionForm extends ActionForm {
	
	private String username;
	
	private String password;

	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}

	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
}
</span>


4、写业务层


写我们的业务代码UserManager:


<span style="font-size:18px;">package com.bjpowernode.struts;

public class UserManager {

	public void login(String username, String password) {
		if (!"admin".equals(username)) {
			throw new UserNotFoundException();
		}
		
		if (!"admin".equals(password)) {
			throw new PasswordErrorException();
		}		
	}
}
</span>


简单写一下我们的登陆密码错误:PasswordErrorException:


<span style="font-size:18px;">package com.bjpowernode.struts;

public class PasswordErrorException extends RuntimeException {

	public PasswordErrorException() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	public PasswordErrorException(String message) {
		super(message);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	public PasswordErrorException(Throwable cause) {
		super(cause);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	public PasswordErrorException(String message, Throwable cause) {
		super(message, cause);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

}
</span>

写用户名未找到错误:UserNotFoundException:


<span style="font-size:18px;">package com.bjpowernode.struts;

public class PasswordErrorException extends RuntimeException {

	public PasswordErrorException() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	public PasswordErrorException(String message) {
		super(message);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	public PasswordErrorException(Throwable cause) {
		super(cause);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	public PasswordErrorException(String message, Throwable cause) {
		super(message, cause);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

}
</span>


5、写Action


重点来了,我们写Action:LoginAction


<span style="font-size:18px;">package com.bjpowernode.struts;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

/**
 * 登录Action
 * 负责取得表单数据、调用业务逻辑、返回转向信息
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class LoginAction extends Action {

	@Override
	public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws Exception {
		
		LoginActionForm laf = (LoginActionForm)form;
		String username = laf.getUsername();
		String password = laf.getPassword();
		
		UserManager userManager = new UserManager();
		try {
			userManager.login(username, password);
			return mapping.findForward("success");
		}catch(UserNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			request.setAttribute("msg", "用户不能找到,用户名称=【" + username + "】");
		}catch(PasswordErrorException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			request.setAttribute("msg", "密码错误");
		}
		return mapping.findForward("error");
	}

}
</span>


6、写配置文件


最重要的一步,就是在配置文件中配置我们Struts文件了:struts-config.xml:


<span style="font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
          "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
          "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">

<struts-config>
	<form-beans>
		<form-bean name="loginForm" type="com.bjpowernode.struts.LoginActionForm"/>
	</form-beans>
	
	<action-mappings>
		<action path="/login" 
				type="com.bjpowernode.struts.LoginAction"
				name="loginForm"		
				scope="request"		
				>
			<forward name="success" path="/login_success.jsp" />
			<forward name="error" path="/login_error.jsp"/>		
		</action>
	</action-mappings>
</struts-config>

</span>

总结:


在这里我们说一下我们最重要的配置文件中的标签:


form-beans:该标签用查找使用的ActionForm,ActionForm相当于Model,可以被其他bean或者过程作为数据载体,具有数据传输的作用。我们在界面上用到的:${loginForm.username},就是在使用了ActionForm。


action-mapping:该标签是用来存储关联界面的,我们看login.jsp中我们是这样写的:<form action="login.do" method="post">,这里的login.do,会去Struts.xml中进行配置,我们就可以根据type的值,去访LoginAction中的方法:execte。


action-forword:该标签用来转向界面的。<forward name="success" path="/login_success.jsp" />,而我们在LoginAction中使用的:return mapping.findForward("success");正好对应就可以了。


用一张图来表示我们这个框架:










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