什么是服务治理
在传统的RPC远程调用中,服务与服务依赖关系,管理比较复杂,所以需要使用服务治理,用于管理服务与服务之间的依赖关系,实现服务调用,负载均衡,容错,服务发现与注册
服务注册与发现
在RPC远程调用,其关键是服务治理,服务治理的核心是注册中心,当服务启动时,生产者会以别名的方式,将自己的通讯地址注册到注册中心,消费者从注册中心获取获取生产者通讯地址列表,然后在本地根据通讯地址,轮询调用生产者接口
Eureka
Eureka是Netflix开发的服务发现框架,本身是一个基于REST的服务,主要用于定位运行在AWS域中的中间层服务,以达到负载均衡和中间层服务故障转移的目的。SpringCloud将它集成在其子项目spring-cloud-netflix中,以实现SpringCloud的服务发现功能。
Eureka包含两个组件:Eureka Server和Eureka Client。
Eureka Server提供服务注册服务,各个节点启动后,会在Eureka Server中进行注册,这样EurekaServer中的服务注册表中将会存储所有可用服务节点的信息,服务节点的信息可以在界面中直观的看到。
Eureka Client是一个java客户端,用于简化与Eureka Server的交互,客户端同时也就是一个内置的、使用轮询(round-robin)负载算法的负载均衡器。
在应用启动后,将会向Eureka Server发送心跳,默认周期为30秒,如果Eureka Server在多个心跳周期内没有接收到某个节点的心跳,Eureka Server将会从服务注册表中把这个服务节点移除(默认90秒)。
Eureka Server之间通过复制的方式完成数据的同步,Eureka还提供了客户端缓存机制,即使所有的Eureka Server都挂掉,客户端依然可以利用缓存中的信息消费其他服务的API。综上,Eureka通过心跳检查、客户端缓存等机制,确保了系统的高可用性、灵活性和可伸缩性。
搭建eureka Server服务
废话不多说,使用maven 管理包,搭建eureka服务
pom文件
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<!-- 管理依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.M7</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud eureka-server -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 注意: 这里必须要添加, 否者各种依赖有问题 -->
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
application.yml
server:
port: 8200
eureka:
instance:
###注册到eurekaip地址
hostname: 127.0.0.1
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8200/eureka/
###因为自己是为注册中心,不需要自己注册自己
register-with-eureka: false
###因为自己是为注册中心,不需要检索服务
fetch-registry: false
server:
# 测试时关闭自我保护机制,保证不可用服务及时踢出
enable-self-preservation: false
##剔除失效服务间隔
eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 2000
spring:
application:
name: eureka-server
在java目录创建java类AppEureka
package com.huakai.eureka;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
/**
* @author 花开
* @create 2019-08-13 20:17
* @desc Eureka 服务注册中心启动类
**/
@EnableEurekaServer //开启eurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication // 开启springboot业务
public class AppEureka {
public static void main(String... args) {
SpringApplication.run(AppEureka.class, args);
}
}
在AppEureka 执行main方法,启动EurekaServer端
生产服务 member
demo 采用聚合项目,首先创建springcloud-api 项目,maven类型为pom
在springcloud-api 创建module springcloud-api-member-interface,定义接口类,将接口类和实现类分开
在spring cloud-api 创建module springcloud-api-memer-interface-impl 定义实现类
springcloud-api-member-interface
pom.xml
应为该项目为接口项目,不需要引用任何jar包配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-2.0-api</artifactId>
<groupId>com.zhibinwang</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-api-member-interfacee</artifactId>
</project>
创建java类 IMemberService
import com.zhibinwang.api.entity.UserEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
/**
* @author 花开
* @create 2019-08-08 23:45
* @desc
**/
public interface IMemberService {
@RequestMapping("/getMember")
String getMember(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
@RequestMapping("getUserinfo")
String getUserinfo();
}
接口Module springcloud-api-member-interface 创建完成
springcloud-api-memer-interface-impl
pom.xml
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<!-- 管理依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.M7</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合eureka客户端 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合fegnin客户端 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--引入接口类-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.huakai</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api-member-interface</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 注意: 这里必须要添加, 否者各种依赖有问题 -->
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
接口实现类
import com.zhibinwang.api.entity.UserEntity;
import com.zhibinwang.api.service.IMemberService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @author 花开
* @create 2019-08-08 23:51
* @desc
**/
@RestController
public class MemberServiceImpl implements IMemberService {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;
// 也可以直接返回对象, 简单测试
@RequestMapping("/getMember")
public String getMember( @RequestParam("name") String name) {
UserEntity userEntity = new UserEntity();
userEntity.setName(name);
userEntity.setAge(11);
System.out.println(port);
return userEntity.toString();
}
@RequestMapping("/getUserinfo")
public String getUserinfo() {
System.out.println("getUserInfo");
try {
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "orderT oMember 成功";
}
}
启动类
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
/**
* @author 花开
* @create 2019-08-09 0:00
* @desc
**/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient // 启动eureka 客户端
@EnableFeignClients // 启用feign客户端
public class AppMember {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(AppMember.class,args);
}
}
application.yml
###服务启动端口号
server:
port: 8003
###服务名称(服务注册到eureka名称)
spring:
application:
name: app-member
###服务注册到eureka地址
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka
###因为该应用为注册中心,不会注册自己
register-with-eureka: true
###是否需要从eureka上获取注册信息
fetch-registry: true
启动AppMember 的main方法,将服务注册到eureka上
消费者服务 Order
在springcloud-api 创建module springcloud-api-order-interface,定义接口类,将接口类和实现类分开
在spring cloud-api 创建module springcloud-api-order-interface-impl 定义实现类
springcloud-api-order-interface
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
/**
* @author 花开
* @create 2019-08-09 0:02
* @desc
**/
public interface IOrderService {
@RequestMapping("/getOrder")
String getOrder(@RequestParam("name") String name);
}
springcloud-api-order-interface -impl
pom.xml 和springcloud-api-member-interface-impl 一样
接口实现类
import com.itmayiedu.base.BaseApiService;
import com.itmayiedu.base.ResponseBase;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.zhibinwang.api.entity.UserEntity;
import com.zhibinwang.service.IOrderService;
import com.zhibinwang.service.feign.IMemberFeign;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @author 花开
* @create 2019-08-09 0:08
* @desc
**/
@RestController
public class OrderSeriviceImp implements IOrderService {
@Autowired
private IMemberFeign memberFeign;
@Override
@RequestMapping("/getOrder")
public String getOrder( @RequestParam(value = "name") String name){
UserEntity member = memberFeign.getMember(name);
return member == null ?"会员为空":member.getName();
}
}
创建FeignClient接口类
import com.zhibinwang.api.service.IMemberService;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
/**
* @author 花开
* @create 2019-08-09 0:06
* @desc
**/
@FeignClient(name = "app-member",) //这里为member服务别名
public interface IMemberFeign extends IMemberService {
}
AppOrder 服务启动类
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.EnableHystrix;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
/**
* @author 花开
* @create 2019-08-09 0:13
* @desc
**/
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients //启用feign
@EnableEurekaClient //启动用eurekaClient
public class AppOrder {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(AppOrder.class,args);
}
}
application.yml
###服务启动端口号
server:
port: 8001
###服务名称(服务注册到eureka名称)
spring:
application:
name: app-order
###服务注册到eureka地址
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka
###因为该应用为注册中心,不会注册自己
register-with-eureka: true
###是否需要从eureka上获取注册信息
fetch-registry: true
执行main方法启动服务,向eureka 注册服务
访问order服务
此时启动了三个服务,eureka Server ,order服务,member服务
通过浏览器访问http://127.0.0.1:8001/getOrder?name=aa
即可实现order远程调用member服务
简单的eureke 初步调用就到这里了