一、项目前准备工作
1)创建Maven web项目工程,命名为oa,并导入相应jar包
pom.xml 内容如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.lcy</groupId>
<artifactId>oa</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
<version>2.1.8.1</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.6</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1.8.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>3.6.10.Final</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib-nodep</artifactId>
<version>2.1_3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.5.8</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2)创建项目包结构
src/main/java (源码包)
cn.oa.action
cn.oa.dao
cn.oa.dao.impl
cn.oa.model
cn.oa.service
cn.oa.service.impl
cn.oa.util
src/test/java (测试代码)
cn.oa.test
二、Hibernate + Spring 整合
1)创建 hibernate 的主配置文件 --- hibernate.cfg.xml
在 src/main/resources 中创建 hibernate.cfg.xml 文件,内容如下:
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 此处不写数据库连接的基本信息, 数据库连接的基本信息在 spring的主配置文件中写 -->
<!-- 配置 hibernate 方言 -->
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- 是否显示 SQL 语句 -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!-- 是否格式化 SQL 语句 -->
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- 自动创建表的策略 -->
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
2)创建 spring的主配置文件 -- applicationContext.xml
在 src/main/resources 中创建 applicationContext.xml 文件,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 自动扫描与装配bean -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.oa"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 加载外部的properties配置文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
<!-- 配置数据库连接池(c3p0) -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!-- 基本信息 -->
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbcUrl}"></property>
<property name="driverClass" value="${driverClass}"></property>
<property name="user" value="${username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${password}"></property>
<!-- 其他配置 -->
<!--初始化时获取三个连接,取值应在minPoolSize与maxPoolSize之间。Default: 3 -->
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="3"></property>
<!--连接池中保留的最小连接数。Default: 3 -->
<property name="minPoolSize" value="3"></property>
<!--连接池中保留的最大连接数。Default: 15 -->
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="5"></property>
<!--当连接池中的连接耗尽的时候c3p0一次同时获取的连接数。Default: 3 -->
<property name="acquireIncrement" value="3"></property>
<!-- 控制数据源内加载的PreparedStatements数量。如果maxStatements与maxStatementsPerConnection均为0,则缓存被关闭。Default:
0 -->
<property name="maxStatements" value="8"></property>
<!-- maxStatementsPerConnection定义了连接池内单个连接所拥有的最大缓存statements数。Default:
0 -->
<property name="maxStatementsPerConnection" value="5"></property>
<!--最大空闲时间,1800秒内未使用则连接被丢弃。若为0则永不丢弃。Default: 0 -->
<property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置SessionFactory -->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置声明式的事务管理(采用基于注解的方式) -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
</beans>
PS:①、spring的主配置文件,主要配置了 包扫描,加载外部配置文件(jdbc.properties), datasource 数据源、 sessionFactory 、使用声明式事务管理 sessionFacory
3)创建外部配置文件 --- jdbc.properties
在 src/main/resources 中创建 jdbc.properties 文件,内容如下:
jdbcUrl = jdbc:mysql:///oa
driverClass = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
username = root
password = 123456
4)在mysql 数据库中创建 oa 的数据库,数据库使用 UTF-8字符编码
create database oa default character set utf8;
5)编写 实体类 与 映射描述文件
创建 User 类,内容如下:
package cn.oa.model;
public class User {
private Long id;
private String name;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
创建 User.hbm.xml 映射描述文件,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="cn.oa.model">
<class name="User" table="t_user">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name"></property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
将 映射描述文件 加入到 hibernate.cfg.xml 主配置文件中
在 hibernate.cfg.xml 中添加
<mapping resource="cn/oa/model/User.hbm.xml" />
6)编写测试代码
编写 Service 类用于测试 事务是否生效
代码如下:
package cn.oa.test;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import cn.oa.model.User;
@Service
public class ServiceTest {
@Resource
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
@Transactional
public void saveTwoUsers(){
Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
session.save(new User());
session.save(new User());
}
}
代码如下:
package cn.oa.test;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class SpringTest {
private ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
/**
* 测试是否能获取 SessionFactory 对象
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testSessionFactory() throws Exception {
SessionFactory sessionFactory = (SessionFactory)ac.getBean("sessionFactory");
System.out.println(sessionFactory);
}
/**
* 测试是否能获取 SessionFactory 对象
* @throws Exception
*/
@Test
public void testTransaction() throws Exception {
ServiceTest serviceTest = ac.getBean("serviceTest", ServiceTest.class);
serviceTest.saveTwoUsers();
}
}
PS:①、testSessionFactory 测试方法如果能打印出 SessionFactory 对象, 则说明 dataSource 与 sessionFactory 都没有问题
②、testTransaction 测试方法做两次,第一次是正常的情况,数据正常插入,第二次在方法执行过程中 抛出异常,观察事物是否回滚。
数据插入成功的截图:
数据插入失败的截图:
三、添加 日志功能
1)导入 jar包,由于在步骤 一中的 pox.xml 文件中已经导入这里就不再重复
2)在 src/main/resources 下,新建 log4j.properties 文件,内容如下:
### direct log messages to stdout ###
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### direct messages to file hibernate.log ###
#log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
#log4j.appender.file.File=hibernate.log
#log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
#log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
### set log levels - for more verbose logging change 'info' to 'debug' ###
log4j.rootLogger=warn, stdout
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=info
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate=debug
### log HQL query parser activity
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.hql.ast.AST=debug
### log just the SQL
log4j.logger.org.hibernate.SQL=debug
### log JDBC bind parameters ###
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=info
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.type=debug
### log schema export/update ###
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl=debug
### log HQL parse trees
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.hql=debug
### log cache activity ###
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.cache=debug
### log transaction activity
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.transaction=debug
### log JDBC resource acquisition
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.jdbc=debug
### enable the following line if you want to track down connection ###
### leakages when using DriverManagerConnectionProvider ###
#log4j.logger.org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider=trace
四、Hibernate + Spring + Struts2
1)在 web.xml 中, 添加 Struts2的主过滤器, 配置 Spring 监听器
<!-- 配置Struts2的主过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 配置Spring的监听器,用于初始化ApplicationContext对象 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
PS:Struts2的主过滤器 拦截所有请求
2)添加 Struts2的主配置文件
在 src/main/resources 下,新建 struts.xml ,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- 配置为开发模式 -->
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<!-- 配置扩展名为action -->
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action" />
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
</package>
</struts>
3)新建 action 类做为 测试Action,内容如下:
package cn.oa.test;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
@Controller
@Scope("prototype")
public class ActionTest extends ActionSupport{
@Resource
private ServiceTest serviceTest;
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println("ActionTest.execute()...");
serviceTest.saveTwoUsers();
return SUCCESS;
}
}
4)将 action 添加到 struts.xml 中
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="testaction" class="actionTest">
<result type="dispatcher">/test.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
ps: ①、struts2 与 spring 整合需要添加 jar,步骤一已经添加了,相应的pom.xml 内容为:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1.8.1</version>
</dependency>
②、有了这个 jar包后,action 中的class 类就无需写全类名了
5)创建 test.jsp 文件,内容如下:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>SSH2整合</title>
</head>
<body>
SSH2
</body>
</html>