Twisted:exceptions.AssertionError:

出处：
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_704b6af70100py9n.html
   13.使用Deferred新功能实现新客户端
代码为：

#coding:utf-8
import defer
import optparse
from twisted.internet import reactor
from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol, connectionDone, ClientFactory
from twisted.protocols.basic import NetstringReceiver
import sys


__author__ = 'cqh'
def parse_args():
    usage = """usage: %prog [options] [hostname]:port ...


This is the Get Poetry Now! client, Twisted version 5.0
Run it like this:


  python get-poetry.py port1 port2 port3 ...


If you are in the base directory of the twisted-intro package,
you could run it like this:


  python twisted-client-5/get-poetry.py 10001 10002 10003


to grab poetry from servers on ports 10001, 10002, and 10003.


Of course, there need to be servers listening on those ports
for that to work.
"""
    parser=optparse.OptionParser()
    _,addresses=parser.parse_args()
    if not addresses:
        print parser.format_help()
        parser.exit()
    def parse_address(address):
        if ':' not in address:
            host,port='127.0.0.1',address
        else:
            host,port=address.split(':',1)
        assert port.isdigit()==True,"port必须为整形"
        return host,int(port)
    return map(parse_address,addresses)


class PoetryProtocol(Protocol):
    poem=''
    def dataReceived(self, data):
        self.poem+=data


    def connectionLost(self, reason=connectionDone):
        self.poemReceived(self.poem)
    def poemReceived(self,poem):
        self.factory.poem_finished(poem)


class PoetryClientFactory(ClientFactory):
    protocol = PoetryProtocol
    def __init__(self,deferred):
        self.deferred=deferred


    def poem_finished(self,poem):
        if self.deferred is not None:
            d,self.deferred=self.deferred,None
            d.callback(poem)


    def clientConnectionFailed(self, connector, reason):
        if self.deferred is not None:
            d,self.deferred=self.deferred,None
            d.errback(reason)








class TransformClientProtocol(NetstringReceiver):


    def connectionMade(self):
        self.sendRequest(self.factory.xform_name,self.factory.poem)


    def sendRequest(self,xform_name,poem):
        self.sendString(xform_name+'.'+poem)




    def stringReceived(self, s):
        self.transport.loseConnection()
        self.poemReceived(s)


    def poemReceived(self,poem):
        self.factory.handlePoem(poem)


class TransformClientFactory(ClientFactory):
    protocol = TransformClientProtocol
    def __init__(self,xform_name,poem):
        self.xform_name=xform_name
        self.poem=poem
        self.deferred=defer.Deferred()


    def handlePoem(self,poem):
        d,self.deferred=self.deferred,None
        d.callback(poem)


    def  clientConnectionLost(self, _, reason):
        if self.deferred is not None:
            d,self.deferred=self.deferred,None
            #print reason
            d.errback(reason)


    clientConnectionFailed=clientConnectionLost


class TransformProxy(object):
    def __init__(self,host,port):
        self.host,self.port=host,port


    def xform(self,xform_name,poem):
        factory=TransformClientFactory(xform_name,poem)
        reactor.connectTCP(self.host,self.port,factory)
        return factory.deferred


def get_poetry(host,port):
    #print host,port
    d=defer.Deferred()
    factory=PoetryClientFactory(d)
    reactor.connectTCP(host,port,factory)
    return d


def poetry_main():
    addresses=parse_args()
    xform_addr=addresses.pop(0)


    proxy=TransformProxy(*xform_addr)
    poems,errors=[],[]


    def try_to_cummingsify(poem):
        d=proxy.xform('cummingsify',poem)
        def fail(err):
            print >>sys.stderr,'Cummingsify failed',err
            return poem
        return d.add_errback(fail)
    def got_poem(poem):
        print poem
        poems.append(poem)
    def poem_failed(err):
        print >>sys.stderr,'The poem download failed',err
        errors.append(err)


    def poem_done(_):
        if len(poems)+len(errors)==len(addresses):
            reactor.stop()


    for address in addresses:
        host,port =address
        d=get_poetry(host,port)
        d.add_callback(try_to_cummingsify)
        d.add_callbacks(got_poem,poem_failed)
        d.add_callbacks(poem_done,poem_done)


    reactor.run()


if __name__=="__main__":
    poetry_main()

运行命令
python ts_1/get-poetry.py 10000 10001
但是运行报错：
None
Unhandled Error
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/internet/defer.py", line 295, in addCallbacks
    self._runCallbacks()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/internet/defer.py", line 577, in _runCallbacks
    current.result = callback(current.result, *args, **kw)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/internet/base.py", line 429, in _continueFiring
    callable(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/internet/base.py", line 624, in disconnectAll
    failure.Failure(main.CONNECTION_LOST))
--- <exception caught here> ---
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/python/log.py", line 88, in callWithLogger
    return callWithContext({"system": lp}, func, *args, **kw)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/python/log.py", line 73, in callWithContext
    return context.call({ILogContext: newCtx}, func, *args, **kw)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/python/context.py", line 118, in callWithContext
    return self.currentContext().callWithContext(ctx, func, *args, **kw)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/python/context.py", line 81, in callWithContext
    return func(*args,**kw)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/internet/tcp.py", line 483, in connectionLost
    self.failIfNotConnected(error.ConnectError(string=reason))
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/internet/tcp.py", line 460, in failIfNotConnected
    self.connector.connectionFailed(failure.Failure(err))
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/twisted/internet/base.py", line 1077, in connectionFailed
    self.factory.clientConnectionFailed(self, reason)
  File "/media/cqh/3A78D5B978D573DB/pycode/TwistedCode/tc_6/get-poetry.py", line 101, in clientConnectionLost
    d.errback(reason)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/defer/__init__.py", line 355, in errback
    assert isinstance(error, Exception)
exceptions.AssertionError: 

经过调试，发现是这个的问题：

def try_to_cummingsify(poem):
        d=proxy.xform('cummingsify',poem)
        def fail(err):
            print >>sys.stderr,'Cummingsify failed',err
            return poem
        return d.add_errback(fail)

return d.add_errback(fail)

要改为

d.add_errback(fail)

return d，

但是我还是有点疑问，就是这里：

d.add_callback(try_to_cummingsify)//为什么这个要放在第一位？为什么我觉得不应该放在第一位。
 d.add_callbacks(got_poem,poem_failed)
 d.add_callbacks(poem_done,poem_done)

这是try_tocummingsify里的poem哪来的？

真的让人觉得很是奇怪。