Java 创建对象的四种方式

Java 创建对象一共有四种方式：

1. 运用new关键字来创建对象，这种方式最常见。用的最广。

2. 运用反射手段,调用java.lang.Class 或者 java.lang.reflect.Constructor 类的newInstance()实例方法

3. 调用对象的clone()方法

4. 运用序列化手段,调用java.io.ObjectInputStream 对象的 readObject()方法.

User对象

package com.demo;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class User implements Cloneable, Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        builder.append("User [id=");
        builder.append(id);
        builder.append(", name=");
        builder.append(name);
        builder.append(", sex=");
        builder.append(sex);
        builder.append("]");
        return builder.toString();
    }

}

测试代码

package com.demo;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.运用new关键字来创建对象User
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setName("我是new出来的");
        user.setSex("boy");
        System.out.println("运用new关键字来创建的对象:" + user);

        //2.运用反射手段,调用java.lang.Class 或者 java.lang.reflect.Constructor 类的newInstance()实例方法
        //会有InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException三个异常
        try {
            User user1 = (User) Class.forName("com.demo.User").newInstance();
            user1.setId(2);
            user1.setName("我是反射出来的");
            user1.setSex("girl");
            System.out.println("运用反射手段来创建的对象:" + user1);
        } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | ClassNotFoundException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
        

        //3.运用clone()方法产生新对象 
        //注意1.User对象必须实现 Cloneable接口，如class User implements Cloneable.
        //注意2.User必须重写clone()方法，
        try {
            User temp = new User();
            temp.setId(3);
            temp.setName("我是clone出来的");
            temp.setSex("boy&girl");
            User user2 = (User) temp.clone();
            System.out.println("运用clone()手段来创建的对象:" + user2);
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //4.运用反序列化手段，调用java.io.ObjectInputStream对象的 readObject()方法。
        //注意：被序列化的对象必须implements Serializable
        User temp = new User();
        temp.setId(4);
        temp.setName("我是反序列化出来的");
        temp.setSex("boy&girl");
        User user3 = cloneTo(temp);
        System.out.println("运用反序列化手段来创建的对象:" + user3);
        
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static <T> T cloneTo(T src) throws RuntimeException {  
        ByteArrayOutputStream memoryBuffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();  
        ObjectOutputStream out = null;
        ObjectInputStream in = null;
        T dist = null;  
  
        try {  
            out = new ObjectOutputStream(memoryBuffer);  
            out.writeObject(src);  
            out.flush();  
            in = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(  
                    memoryBuffer.toByteArray()));  
            dist = (T) in.readObject();  
  
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            throw new RuntimeException(e);  
        } finally {  
            if (out != null)  
                try {  
                    out.close();  
                    out = null;  
                } catch (IOException e) {  
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);  
                }  
            if (in != null)  
                try {  
                    in.close();  
                    in = null;  
                } catch (IOException e) {  
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);  
                }  
        }  
  
        return dist;  
    }  
}

运行效果：

运用new关键字来创建的对象:User [id=1, name=我是new出来的, sex=boy]
运用反射手段来创建的对象:User [id=2, name=我是反射出来的, sex=girl]
运用clone()手段来创建的对象:User [id=3, name=我是clone出来的, sex=boy&girl]
运用反序列化手段来创建的对象:User [id=4, name=我是反序列化出来的, sex=boy&girl]