java.util.ConcurrentModificationException 解决办法

今天运行代码，下面的一个for循环主要是想把不满足条件的结果给去掉，我在同时循环result的同时，还希望在里面把不满足条件的哦结果去掉，结果这个就给我抛异常了

    @RequestMapping(value = "/classes", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public MessageEntry findClasses() throws ValidationException, BusinessException {
        String currentRoleCode = AppContext.getContext().getCurrentRoleCode();
        List<ClassSectionDTO> result = new ArrayList<ClassSectionDTO>();
        if (ItsConstants.ROLE_CODE_TEACHER.equals(currentRoleCode)) {
            result = classSectionService.findTeacherAllClasses(AppContext.getContext().getUserId());
        } else if (AppConstants.ROLE_CODE_ORGANIZATION_ADMIN.equals(currentRoleCode)) {
            result = classSectionService.findOrgClassListWithAssignedCourse(AppContext.getContext().getOrgId());
        }
        for(ClassSectionDTO classSectionDTO : result) {
            Date startedDate = classSectionDTO.getStartDate();
            if((new Date()).before(startedDate)) {
                result.remove(classSectionDTO);
            }
        }
        return JsonMessage.ok(result);
    }

异常

[02 三月 2015 13:52:03 ERROR] - 
java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
	at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.checkForComodification(ArrayList.java:859)
	at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.next(ArrayList.java:831)
	at com.augmentum.its.controller.admin.PerformanceController.findClasses(PerformanceController.java:70)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:213)
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:126)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:96)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:617)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:578)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:80)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:923)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:852)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:882)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:778)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:620)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
	at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
	at com.augmentum.its.filter.LoginFilter.doFilter(LoginFilter.java:70)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
	at com.augmentum.common.filter.SessionFilter.doFilter(SessionFilter.java:71)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:501)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:171)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:408)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1040)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:607)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:316)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)

解决办法：

不能在循环一个list的同时对list进行修改list。

增加一个List<ClassSectionDTO> outResult = new ArrayList<ClassSectionDTO>();

    @RequestMapping(value = "/classes", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public MessageEntry findClasses() throws ValidationException, BusinessException {
        String currentRoleCode = AppContext.getContext().getCurrentRoleCode();
        List<ClassSectionDTO> result = new ArrayList<ClassSectionDTO>();
        if (ItsConstants.ROLE_CODE_TEACHER.equals(currentRoleCode)) {
            result = classSectionService.findTeacherAllClasses(AppContext.getContext().getUserId());
        } else if (AppConstants.ROLE_CODE_ORGANIZATION_ADMIN.equals(currentRoleCode)) {
            result = classSectionService.findOrgClassListWithAssignedCourse(AppContext.getContext().getOrgId());
        }
        List<ClassSectionDTO> outResult = new ArrayList<ClassSectionDTO>();
        for(ClassSectionDTO classSectionDTO : result) {
            Date startedDate = classSectionDTO.getStartDate();
            if((new Date()).after(startedDate)) {
                outResult.add(classSectionDTO);
            }
        }
        return JsonMessage.ok(outResult);
    }

从API中可以看到List等Collection的实现并没有同步化，如果在多 线程应用程序中出现同时访问，而且出现修改操作的时候都要求外部操作同步化；调用Iterator操作获得的Iterator对象在多线程修改Set的时 候也自动失效，并抛出java.util.ConcurrentModificationException。这种实现机制是fail-fast，对外部 的修改并不能提供任何保证。

网上查找的关于Iterator的工作机制。Iterator是工作在一个独立的线程中，并且拥有一个 mutex锁，就是说Iterator在工作的时候，是不允许被迭代的对象被改变的。Iterator被创建的时候，建立了一个内存索引表（单链表），这 个索引表指向原来的对象，当原来的对象数量改变的时候，这个索引表的内容没有同步改变，所以当索引指针往下移动的时候，便找不到要迭代的对象，于是产生错 误。List、Set等是动态的，可变对象数量的数据结构，但是Iterator则是单向不可变，只能顺序读取，不能逆序操作的数据结构，当 Iterator指向的原始数据发生变化时，Iterator自己就迷失了方向。