前言
在测试用例中,执行完测试用例后,最后一步是判断测试结果是pass还是fail,自动化测试脚本里面一般把这种生成测试结果的方法称为断言(assert)。
用unittest组件测试用例的时候,断言的方法还是很多的,下面介绍几种常用的断言方法:assertEqual、assertIn、assertTrue
一、简单案例
1.下面写了4个case,其中第四个是执行失败的
# coding:utf-8
import unittest
class Test(unittest.TestCase):
def test01(self):
‘‘‘判断 a == b ‘‘‘
a = 1
b = 1
self.assertEqual(a, b)
def test02(self):
‘‘‘判断 a in b ‘‘‘
a = "hello"
b = "hello world!"
self.assertIn(a, b)
def test03(self):
‘‘‘判断 a is True ‘‘‘
a = True
self.assertTrue(a)
def test04(self):
‘‘‘失败案例‘‘‘
a = "上海-悠悠"
b = "yoyo"
self.assertEqual(a, b)
if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
2.执行结果如下
Failure
Expected :‘\xe4\xb8\x8a\xe6\xb5\xb7-\xe6\x82\xa0\xe6\x82\xa0‘
Actual :‘yoyo‘
<Click to see difference>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\test\yoyotest\kecheng\test12.py", line 27, in test04
self.assertEqual(a, b)
AssertionError: ‘\xe4\xb8\x8a\xe6\xb5\xb7-\xe6\x82\xa0\xe6\x82\xa0‘ != ‘yoyo‘
3.执行的结果,中文编码不对,没正常显示中文,遇到这种情况,可以自定义异常输出
二、自定义异常
1.以assertEqual为例分析:
assertEqual(self, first, second, msg=None)
Fail if the two objects are unequal as determined by the ‘==‘
operator.
2.翻译:如果两个对象不能相等,就返回失败,相当于return: first==second
3.这里除了相比较的两个参数first和second,还有第三个参数msg=None,这个msg参数就是遇到异常后自定义输出信息
技术分享
三、unittest常用的断言方法
1.assertEqual(self, first, second, msg=None)
–判断两个参数相等:first == second
2.assertNotEqual(self, first, second, msg=None)
–判断两个参数不相等:first != second
3.assertIn(self, member, container, msg=None)
–判断是字符串是否包含:member in container
4.assertNotIn(self, member, container, msg=None)
–判断是字符串是否不包含:member not in container
5.assertTrue(self, expr, msg=None)
–判断是否为真:expr is True
6.assertFalse(self, expr, msg=None)
–判断是否为假:expr is False
7.assertIsNone(self, obj, msg=None)
–判断是否为None:obj is None
8.assertIsNotNone(self, obj, msg=None)
–判断是否不为None:obj is not None