C++ Primer 学习中。。。
简单记录下我的学习过程 (代码为主)
count 、 count_if
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<vector>
#include<set>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
/***********************
count
count_if
关联容器的等效成员函数
set.count
multiset.count
map.count
multimap.count
************************/
/*********************** std::count:****************************************
template <class InputIterator, class T>
typename iterator_traits<InputIterator>::difference_type
count ( ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value );
//eg:
template <class InputIterator, class T>
ptrdiff_t count ( InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const T& value )
{
ptrdiff_t ret=0;
while (first != last) if (*first++ == value) ++ret;
return ret;
}
*******************************************************************************/
/*********************** std::count_if:****************************************
template <class InputIterator, class Predicate>
typename iterator_traits<InputIterator>::difference_type
count_if ( ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Predicate pred );
//eg:
template <class InputIterator, class Predicate>
ptrdiff_t count_if ( InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Predicate pred )//pred 为函数or函数对象
{
ptrdiff_t ret=0;
while (first != last) if (pred(*first++)) ++ret;
return ret;
}
*******************************************************************************/
//奇数
bool IsOdd (int i)
{
return i&1;
}
int main()
{
int mycount;
// counting elements in array:
int myints[] = {10,20,30,30,20,10,10,20}; // 8 elements
mycount = (int) count (myints, myints+8, 10);
cout << "10 appears " << mycount << " times.\n";
// counting elements in container:
vector<int> myvector (myints, myints+8);
mycount = (int) count (myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), 20);//有几个20
cout << "20 appears " << mycount << " times.\n";
/****************
Output:
10 appears 3 times.
20 appears 3 times.
****************/
// vector<int> myvector;
myvector.clear();
for (int i=1; i<10; i++) myvector.push_back(i); // myvector: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
cout<<"\nmyvector: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 \n";
// mycount = (int) count_if (myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), IsOdd);
mycount = (int) count_if (myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), bind2nd(modulus<int>(),2));//表示param1 % 2
cout << "myvector contains " << mycount << " odd values.\n";//奇数
// 如果求偶数的个数 not1,1表示一个参数取反
mycount = (int) count_if (myvector.begin(), myvector.end(), not1(bind2nd(modulus<int>(),2)));//表示!(param1 % 2)
cout << "myvector contains " << mycount << " even values.\n";//偶数
/****************
Output:
myvector contains 5 odd values.
****************/
// 函数适配器 函数对象
// bind2nd(op,value);表示绑定第二个数 param1 > 4 这里表示统计大于4的个数
mycount=count_if(myvector.begin(),myvector.end(),bind2nd(greater<int>(),4));
cout<<"有"<<mycount<<"个数大于4"<<endl;
//拓展练习 4 > param2
mycount=count_if(myvector.begin(),myvector.end(),bind1st(greater<int>(),4));
cout<<"有"<<mycount<<"个数小于4"<<endl;
// 4 < param2
mycount=count_if(myvector.begin(),myvector.end(),bind1st(less<int>(),4));
cout<<"有"<<mycount<<"个数大于4"<<endl;
// param1 >= 4
mycount=count_if(myvector.begin(),myvector.end(),bind2nd(greater_equal<int>(),4));
cout<<"有"<<mycount<<"个数大于等于4"<<endl;
// param1 <= 4
mycount=count_if(myvector.begin(),myvector.end(),bind2nd(less_equal<int>(),4));
cout<<"有"<<mycount<<"个数小于等于4"<<endl;
/****关联容器****/
multiset<int> ms(myvector.begin(),myvector.end());
ms.insert(myvector.begin(),myvector.begin()+6);
ms.insert(myvector.begin(),myvector.begin()+4);
ms.insert(myvector.begin(),myvector.begin()+2);
ms.insert(1);
multiset<int>::iterator ims=ms.begin();
while(ims!=ms.end()){
cout<<*ims++<<" ";
}cout<<endl;
//两种方法求1的个数
int cnt=count(ms.begin(),ms.end(),1);//所有容器适用但是比较慢些
cout<<"multiset里有"<<cnt<<"个1."<<endl;
cnt=ms.count(1);//关联容器专享 set已经排序可以快速计数
cout<<"multiset里有"<<cnt<<"个1."<<endl;
return 0;
}