单例最常见的模式为:懒汉式和饿汉式,懒汉式在调用方法的时候才去实例化对象,饿汉式则是直接实例化对象。在多线程模式中,考虑到性能和线程安全,我们一般选择static inner class或者double check instance的单例模式。在性能提高的同时保证了线程安全
static inner class(静态内部类的形式)
public class Singletion {
private static class InnerSingletion {
private static Singletion single = new Singletion();
}
public static Singletion getInstance() {
return InnerSingletion.single;
}
}
懒加载(懒汉模式)(double check instance)
public class DubbleSingleton {
private static DubbleSingleton ds;
public static DubbleSingleton getDs(){
if(ds == null){
try {
//模拟初始化对象的准备时间...
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (DubbleSingleton.class) {
if(ds == null){
ds = new DubbleSingleton();
}
}
}
return ds;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(DubbleSingleton.getDs().hashCode());
}
},"t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(DubbleSingleton.getDs().hashCode());
}
},"t2");
Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(DubbleSingleton.getDs().hashCode());
}
},"t3");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
打印结果:
1286272590
1286272590
1286272590