单例&多线程

单例最常见的模式为：懒汉式和饿汉式，懒汉式在调用方法的时候才去实例化对象，饿汉式则是直接实例化对象。在多线程模式中，考虑到性能和线程安全，我们一般选择static inner class或者double check instance的单例模式。在性能提高的同时保证了线程安全

static inner class（静态内部类的形式）

public class Singletion {

	private static class InnerSingletion {
		private static Singletion single = new Singletion();
	}

	public static Singletion getInstance() {
		return InnerSingletion.single;
	}

}

懒加载（懒汉模式）（double check instance）

public class DubbleSingleton {

	private static DubbleSingleton ds;
	
	public  static DubbleSingleton getDs(){
		if(ds == null){
			try {
				//模拟初始化对象的准备时间...
				Thread.sleep(3000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			synchronized (DubbleSingleton.class) {
				if(ds == null){
					ds = new DubbleSingleton();
				}
			}
		}
		return ds;
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				System.out.println(DubbleSingleton.getDs().hashCode());
			}
		},"t1");
		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				System.out.println(DubbleSingleton.getDs().hashCode());
			}
		},"t2");
		Thread t3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				System.out.println(DubbleSingleton.getDs().hashCode());
			}
		},"t3");
		
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		t3.start();
	}
	
}

打印结果：

1286272590
1286272590
1286272590