ns2仿真学习(一)-tracer分析

本篇中的代码主要来自[1]，计算接收端数据包的时延抖动jitter，作为学习过程，记录一下。

ns2中tracer文件中数据各行的含义如图：

simple_tracer.tcl

#Create a simulator object
set ns [new Simulator]

#Define different colors for data flows (for NAM)
$ns color 1 Blue
$ns color 2 Red

#Open the NAM trace file
set nf [open out.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $nf

#Open the Trace file
set tf [open jitter.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tf

#Define a 'finish' procedure
proc finish {} {
        global ns nf tf
        $ns flush-trace
        #Close the NAM trace file
        close $nf
        #Close the Trace file
        close $tf
        #Execute NAM on the trace file
        exec nam out.nam &
        exit 0
}

#Create four nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]

#Create links between the nodes
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 2Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 2Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 1.7Mb 20ms DropTail

#Set Queue Size of link (n2-n3) to 10
$ns queue-limit $n2 $n3 10

#Give node position (for NAM)
$ns duplex-link-op $n0 $n2 orient right-down
$ns duplex-link-op $n1 $n2 orient right-up
$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 orient right

#Monitor the queue for link (n2-n3). (for NAM)
$ns duplex-link-op $n2 $n3 queuePos 0.5


#Setup a TCP connection
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
$tcp set class_ 2
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $sink
$ns connect $tcp $sink
$tcp set fid_ 1

#Setup a FTP over TCP connection
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
$ftp set type_ FTP


#Setup a UDP connection
set udp [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $udp
set null [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $null
$ns connect $udp $null
$udp set fid_ 2

#Setup a CBR over UDP connection
set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr attach-agent $udp
$cbr set type_ CBR
$cbr set packet_size_ 1000
$cbr set rate_ 1mb
$cbr set random_ false


#Schedule events for the CBR and FTP agents
$ns at 0.1 "$cbr start"
$ns at 1.0 "$ftp start"
$ns at 4.0 "$ftp stop"
$ns at 4.5 "$cbr stop"

#Detach tcp and sink agents (not really necessary)
$ns at 4.5 "$ns detach-agent $n0 $tcp ; $ns detach-agent $n3 $sink"

#Call the finish procedure after 5 seconds of simulation time
$ns at 5.0 "finish"

#Print CBR packet size and interval
puts "CBR packet size = [$cbr set packet_size_]"
puts "CBR interval = [$cbr set interval_]"

#Run the simulation
$ns run

执行命令仿真，./ns  simple_tracer.tcl ,数据输出文件jitter.tr。

执行脚本，检出数据./jitter.sh

#! /bin/sh -f
cat jitter.tr | grep " 2 3 cbr " | grep ^r | ./column.perl 1 10 | awk '{dif = $2 - old2; if(dif==0) dif = 1; if(dif > 0) {printf("%d\t%f\n", $2, ($1 - old1) / dif); old1 = $1; old2 = $2}}'> jitter.txt

其中，数据分析脚本column.perl，从数据输出文件中检出第一行(时间)与第十行(数据包序号)。

#!/usr/bin/perl

# Mark Claypool
# Last significantly modified: December, 2001

# This program prints out fields of an indicated column.
# The columns are numbered 0, 1, 2, 3 ...

require 'getopts.pl';

&ParseCommandLine;
$line = <STDIN>;
while ($line) {
  $line =~ s/^\s+//;		# remove initial white-space
  $line =~ s/\s+/ /g;		# turn double-space into single space
  @word = split($split,$line);	# columns will then be $1, $2, $3 ...
  $i =0;
  while ($i <= $#col) {
    print "@word[@col[$i]]\t";
    $i += 1;
  }			
  print "\n";
  $line = <STDIN>;
}
exit;

#######################################################################
# ParseCommandLine
# check for the right number of command line arguments
# print usage message and quit if there is an error
# global variables are @col
sub ParseCommandLine   {

  # get token to split on
  &Getopts('t:');
  if ($opt_t) {
    $split = $opt_t;
  } else {
    $split = '\s+';
  }

  # get columns
  while ($#ARGV >= 0) {
    $arg = shift(@ARGV);
    if ($arg =~ /^(\d+)/) {
      push(@col, $1);
    } else {		
      &usage;
    }
  }
  if ($#col < 0) {
    &usage;
  }
}		

##########################################################################
# usage
# print a usage maessage and quit
sub usage
{
    print STDERR "column: print fields from an indicated column\n";
    print STDERR "Usage: column <flags>, where flags are:\n";
    print STDERR "       [-t str]\ttoken to use as a separator (default is white space)\n"; 
    print STDERR "       {# [#...]}\tcolumn(s) to print, numbered 0,1,2...\n"; 
	exit;

}

遇见错误，则给予相应文件的执行权限，chmod 775  column.perl。最终的输出数据在jitter.txt。

采用gnuplot画图。命令如下；

gnuplot

set yrange [0:0.02]

set xlabel   "seq"

set ylabel "jitter"

plot   "jitter.txt"  using  1:2  with lines

set term jpeg

set output  "jitter.jpeg"

replot

最终的图如下：

[1]Trace Analysis Example