k8s基准测试

kubectl apply -f job.yaml，执行yaml文件进行基准测试，然后会生成报告。

#job.yaml
---
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: kube-bench
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: kube-bench
    spec:
      hostPID: true
      containers:
        - name: kube-bench
          image: aquasec/kube-bench:v0.6.6
          command: ["kube-bench"]
          volumeMounts:
            - name: var-lib-etcd
              mountPath: /var/lib/etcd
              readOnly: true
            - name: var-lib-kubelet
              mountPath: /var/lib/kubelet
              readOnly: true
            - name: var-lib-kube-scheduler
              mountPath: /var/lib/kube-scheduler
              readOnly: true
            - name: var-lib-kube-controller-manager
              mountPath: /var/lib/kube-controller-manager
              readOnly: true
            - name: etc-systemd
              mountPath: /etc/systemd
              readOnly: true
            - name: lib-systemd
              mountPath: /lib/systemd/
              readOnly: true
            - name: srv-kubernetes
              mountPath: /srv/kubernetes/
              readOnly: true
            - name: etc-kubernetes
              mountPath: /etc/kubernetes
              readOnly: true
              # /usr/local/mount-from-host/bin is mounted to access kubectl / kubelet, for auto-detecting the Kubernetes version.
              # You can omit this mount if you specify --version as part of the command.
            - name: usr-bin
              mountPath: /usr/local/mount-from-host/bin
              readOnly: true
            - name: etc-cni-netd
              mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d/
              readOnly: true
            - name: opt-cni-bin
              mountPath: /opt/cni/bin/
              readOnly: true
      restartPolicy: Never
      volumes:
        - name: var-lib-etcd
          hostPath:
            path: "/var/lib/etcd"
        - name: var-lib-kubelet
          hostPath:
            path: "/var/lib/kubelet"
        - name: var-lib-kube-scheduler
          hostPath:
            path: "/var/lib/kube-scheduler"
        - name: var-lib-kube-controller-manager
          hostPath:
            path: "/var/lib/kube-controller-manager"
        - name: etc-systemd
          hostPath:
            path: "/etc/systemd"
        - name: lib-systemd
          hostPath:
            path: "/lib/systemd"
        - name: srv-kubernetes
          hostPath:
            path: "/srv/kubernetes"
        - name: etc-kubernetes
          hostPath:
            path: "/etc/kubernetes"
        - name: usr-bin
          hostPath:
            path: "/usr/bin"
        - name: etc-cni-netd
          hostPath:
            path: "/etc/cni/net.d/"
        - name: opt-cni-bin
          hostPath:
            path: "/opt/cni/bin/"

kubectl logs kube-bench-fxjlt，进行查看报告。信息量有点多，没有看懂。有空再回来看看学习一下。

✘ chunk@chunk-ThinkPad-X1-Carbon-5th  /tmp  kubectl logs kube-bench-fxjlt
[INFO] 4 Worker Node Security Configuration
[INFO] 4.1 Worker Node Configuration Files
[PASS] 4.1.1 Ensure that the kubelet service file permissions are set to 644 or more restrictive (Automated)
[PASS] 4.1.2 Ensure that the kubelet service file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
[PASS] 4.1.3 If proxy kubeconfig file exists ensure permissions are set to 644 or more restrictive (Manual)
[PASS] 4.1.4 If proxy kubeconfig file exists ensure ownership is set to root:root (Manual)
[PASS] 4.1.5 Ensure that the --kubeconfig kubelet.conf file permissions are set to 644 or more restrictive (Automated)
[PASS] 4.1.6 Ensure that the --kubeconfig kubelet.conf file ownership is set to root:root (Manual)
[PASS] 4.1.7 Ensure that the certificate authorities file permissions are set to 644 or more restrictive (Manual)
[PASS] 4.1.8 Ensure that the client certificate authorities file ownership is set to root:root (Manual)
[PASS] 4.1.9 Ensure that the kubelet --config configuration file has permissions set to 644 or more restrictive (Automated)
[PASS] 4.1.10 Ensure that the kubelet --config configuration file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
[INFO] 4.2 Kubelet
[PASS] 4.2.1 Ensure that the anonymous-auth argument is set to false (Automated)
[PASS] 4.2.2 Ensure that the --authorization-mode argument is not set to AlwaysAllow (Automated)
[PASS] 4.2.3 Ensure that the --client-ca-file argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
[WARN] 4.2.4 Ensure that the --read-only-port argument is set to 0 (Manual)
[PASS] 4.2.5 Ensure that the --streaming-connection-idle-timeout argument is not set to 0 (Manual)
[WARN] 4.2.6 Ensure that the --protect-kernel-defaults argument is set to true (Manual)
[PASS] 4.2.7 Ensure that the --make-iptables-util-chains argument is set to true (Automated)
[WARN] 4.2.8 Ensure that the --event-qps argument is set to 0 or a level which ensures appropriate event capture (Manual)
[PASS] 4.2.9 Ensure that the --tls-cert-file and --tls-private-key-file arguments are set as appropriate (Manual)
[PASS] 4.2.10 Ensure that the Kubelet only makes use of Strong Cryptographic Ciphers (Manual)

== Remediations node ==
4.2.4 If using a Kubelet config file, edit the file to set readOnlyPort to 0.
If using command line arguments, edit the kubelet service file
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and
set the below parameter in KUBELET_SYSTEM_PODS_ARGS variable.
--read-only-port=0
Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet.service

4.2.6 If using a Kubelet config file, edit the file to set protectKernelDefaults: true.
If using command line arguments, edit the kubelet service file
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and
set the below parameter in KUBELET_SYSTEM_PODS_ARGS variable.
--protect-kernel-defaults=true
Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet.service

4.2.8 If using a Kubelet config file, edit the file to set eventRecordQPS: to an appropriate level.
If using command line arguments, edit the kubelet service file
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and
set the below parameter in KUBELET_SYSTEM_PODS_ARGS variable.
Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet.service


== Summary node ==
17 checks PASS
0 checks FAIL
3 checks WARN
0 checks INFO

[INFO] 5 Kubernetes Policies
[INFO] 5.1 RBAC and Service Accounts
[WARN] 5.1.1 Ensure that the cluster-admin role is only used where required (Manual)
[WARN] 5.1.2 Minimize access to secrets (Manual)
[WARN] 5.1.3 Minimize wildcard use in Roles and ClusterRoles (Manual)
[WARN] 5.1.4 Minimize access to create pods (Manual)
[WARN] 5.1.5 Ensure that default service accounts are not actively used. (Manual)
[WARN] 5.1.6 Ensure that Service Account Tokens are only mounted where necessary (Manual)
[INFO] 5.2 Pod Security Policies
[WARN] 5.2.1 Minimize the admission of privileged containers (Manual)
[WARN] 5.2.2 Minimize the admission of containers wishing to share the host process ID namespace (Manual)
[WARN] 5.2.3 Minimize the admission of containers wishing to share the host IPC namespace (Manual)
[WARN] 5.2.4 Minimize the admission of containers wishing to share the host network namespace (Manual)
[WARN] 5.2.5 Minimize the admission of containers with allowPrivilegeEscalation (Manual)
[WARN] 5.2.6 Minimize the admission of root containers (Manual)
[WARN] 5.2.7 Minimize the admission of containers with the NET_RAW capability (Manual)
[WARN] 5.2.8 Minimize the admission of containers with added capabilities (Manual)
[WARN] 5.2.9 Minimize the admission of containers with capabilities assigned (Manual)
[INFO] 5.3 Network Policies and CNI
[WARN] 5.3.1 Ensure that the CNI in use supports Network Policies (Manual)
[WARN] 5.3.2 Ensure that all Namespaces have Network Policies defined (Manual)
[INFO] 5.4 Secrets Management
[WARN] 5.4.1 Prefer using secrets as files over secrets as environment variables (Manual)
[WARN] 5.4.2 Consider external secret storage (Manual)
[INFO] 5.5 Extensible Admission Control
[WARN] 5.5.1 Configure Image Provenance using ImagePolicyWebhook admission controller (Manual)
[INFO] 5.6 General Policies
[WARN] 5.6.1 Create administrative boundaries between resources using namespaces (Manual)
[WARN] 5.6.2 Ensure that the seccomp profile is set to docker/default in your pod definitions (Manual)
[WARN] 5.6.3 Apply Security Context to Your Pods and Containers (Manual)
[WARN] 5.6.4 The default namespace should not be used (Manual)

== Remediations policies ==
5.1.1 Identify all clusterrolebindings to the cluster-admin role. Check if they are used and
if they need this role or if they could use a role with fewer privileges.
Where possible, first bind users to a lower privileged role and then remove the
clusterrolebinding to the cluster-admin role :
kubectl delete clusterrolebinding [name]

5.1.2 Where possible, remove get, list and watch access to secret objects in the cluster.

5.1.3 Where possible replace any use of wildcards in clusterroles and roles with specific
objects or actions.

5.1.4 Where possible, remove create access to pod objects in the cluster.

5.1.5 Create explicit service accounts wherever a Kubernetes workload requires specific access
to the Kubernetes API server.
Modify the configuration of each default service account to include this value
automountServiceAccountToken: false

5.1.6 Modify the definition of pods and service accounts which do not need to mount service
account tokens to disable it.

5.2.1 Create a PSP as described in the Kubernetes documentation, ensuring that
the .spec.privileged field is omitted or set to false.

5.2.2 Create a PSP as described in the Kubernetes documentation, ensuring that the
.spec.hostPID field is omitted or set to false.

5.2.3 Create a PSP as described in the Kubernetes documentation, ensuring that the
.spec.hostIPC field is omitted or set to false.

5.2.4 Create a PSP as described in the Kubernetes documentation, ensuring that the
.spec.hostNetwork field is omitted or set to false.

5.2.5 Create a PSP as described in the Kubernetes documentation, ensuring that the
.spec.allowPrivilegeEscalation field is omitted or set to false.

5.2.6 Create a PSP as described in the Kubernetes documentation, ensuring that the
.spec.runAsUser.rule is set to either MustRunAsNonRoot or MustRunAs with the range of
UIDs not including 0.

5.2.7 Create a PSP as described in the Kubernetes documentation, ensuring that the
.spec.requiredDropCapabilities is set to include either NET_RAW or ALL.

5.2.8 Ensure that allowedCapabilities is not present in PSPs for the cluster unless
it is set to an empty array.

5.2.9 Review the use of capabilites in applications runnning on your cluster. Where a namespace
contains applicaions which do not require any Linux capabities to operate consider adding
a PSP which forbids the admission of containers which do not drop all capabilities.

5.3.1 If the CNI plugin in use does not support network policies, consideration should be given to
making use of a different plugin, or finding an alternate mechanism for restricting traffic
in the Kubernetes cluster.

5.3.2 Follow the documentation and create NetworkPolicy objects as you need them.

5.4.1 if possible, rewrite application code to read secrets from mounted secret files, rather than
from environment variables.

5.4.2 Refer to the secrets management options offered by your cloud provider or a third-party
secrets management solution.

5.5.1 Follow the Kubernetes documentation and setup image provenance.

5.6.1 Follow the documentation and create namespaces for objects in your deployment as you need
them.

5.6.2 Seccomp is an alpha feature currently. By default, all alpha features are disabled. So, you
would need to enable alpha features in the apiserver by passing "--feature-
gates=AllAlpha=true" argument.
Edit the /etc/kubernetes/apiserver file on the master node and set the KUBE_API_ARGS
parameter to "--feature-gates=AllAlpha=true"
KUBE_API_ARGS="--feature-gates=AllAlpha=true"
Based on your system, restart the kube-apiserver service. For example:
systemctl restart kube-apiserver.service
Use annotations to enable the docker/default seccomp profile in your pod definitions. An
example is as below:
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: trustworthy-pod
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: docker/default
spec:
  containers:
    - name: trustworthy-container
      image: sotrustworthy:latest

5.6.3 Follow the Kubernetes documentation and apply security contexts to your pods. For a
suggested list of security contexts, you may refer to the CIS Security Benchmark for Docker
Containers.

5.6.4 Ensure that namespaces are created to allow for appropriate segregation of Kubernetes
resources and that all new resources are created in a specific namespace.


== Summary policies ==
0 checks PASS
0 checks FAIL
24 checks WARN
0 checks INFO

[INFO] 6 Managed Services
[INFO] 6.1 Image Registry and Image Scanning
[WARN] 6.1.1 Ensure Image Vulnerability Scanning using ACR image scanning or a third party provider (Manual)
[WARN] 6.1.2 Minimize user access to ACR (Manual)
[WARN] 6.1.3 Minimize cluster access to read-only for ACR (Manual)
[WARN] 6.1.4 Minimize Container Registries to only those approved (Manual)
[INFO] 6.2 Key Management Service (KMS)
[WARN] 6.2.1 Ensure Kubernetes Secrets are encrypted using keys managed in KMS (Manual)
[INFO] 6.3 Cluster Networking
[WARN] 6.3.1 Restrict Access to the Control Plane Endpoint (Manual)
[WARN] 6.3.2 Ensure clusters are created with Private Endpoint Enabled and Public Access Disabled (Manual)
[WARN] 6.3.3 Ensure clusters are created with Private Nodes (Manual)
[WARN] 6.3.4 Ensure Network Policy is Enabled and set as appropriate (Manual)
[WARN] 6.3.5 Encrypt traffic to HTTPS load balancers with TLS certificates (Manual)
[INFO] 6.4 Storage
[WARN] 6.4.1 Enable data disk encryption for Alibaba Cloud Disks (Manual)
[INFO] 6.5 Logging
[WARN] 6.5.1 Ensure Cluster Auditing is Enabled (Manual)
[INFO] 6.6 Other Cluster Configurations
[WARN] 6.6.1 Ensure Pod Security Policy is Enabled and set as appropriate (Manual)
[WARN] 6.6.2 Enable Cloud Security Center (Manual)
[WARN] 6.6.3 Consider ACK Sandboxed-Container for running untrusted workloads (Manual)
[WARN] 6.6.4 Consider ACK TEE-based when running confidential computing (Manual)
[WARN] 6.6.5 Consider use service account token volume projection (Manual)

== Remediations managedservices ==
6.1.1 Ensure Image Vulnerability Scanning using ACR image scanning or a third party provider by follow the ACR document: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/doc-detail/160146.htm

6.1.2 Minimize user access to ACR by follow the ACR document to setup network access control: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/doc-detail/142179.htm
And follow the ACR document to setup Resource Access Management (RAM) policies for ACR: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/doc-detail/144229.htm

6.1.3 Minimize cluster access to read-only for ACR
6.1.4 Minimize Container Registries to only those approved
6.2.1 Ensure Kubernetes Secrets are encrypted using keys managed in KMS by follow The ACK document: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/zh/doc-detail/177372.htm

6.3.1 Restrict Access to the Control Plane Endpoint
6.3.2 Ensure clusters are created with Private Endpoint Enabled and Public Access Disabled
6.3.3 Ensure clusters are created with Private Nodes
6.3.4 Ensure Network Policy is Enabled and set as appropriate
6.3.5 Encrypt traffic to HTTPS load balancers with TLS certificates
6.4.1 Enable data disk encryption for Alibaba Cloud Disks
6.5.1 Ensure Cluster Auditing is Enabled
6.6.1 Ensure Pod Security Policy is Enabled and set as appropriate
6.6.2 Enable Cloud Security Center
6.6.3 Consider ACK Sandboxed-Container for running untrusted workloads
6.6.4 Consider ACK TEE-based when running confidential computing
6.6.5 Consider use service account token volume projection

== Summary managedservices ==
0 checks PASS
0 checks FAIL
17 checks WARN
0 checks INFO

== Summary total ==
17 checks PASS
0 checks FAIL
44 checks WARN
0 checks INFO